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Completed

NCT Number: NCT04614272

Effect of Prayer on Conditioned Pain Modulation and on Pain Intensity in Healthy Religious University Students

With this study the investigators wish to examine the effect of prayer on pain intensity and on the conditioned pain modulation in healthy religious university students.

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy Subjects

Age range

18 year–25 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Antonine University

Beirut, Lebanon

About this study

There has been a call for a model that incorporate spirituality in the biopsychosocial framework .The biopsychosocial- spiritual model recognizes the impact of the religious factors in modulating the biology of pain.

The aim of this study is to measure the effect of praying as an intervention on conditioned pain modulation and on pain intensity.

The investigators hypothesize that prayer would increase conditioned pain modulation compared to a no prayer control group in a healthy religious population.

The investigators hypothesize that participants engaging in active prayer will show a higher increase in conditioned pain modulation compared to those engaging in passive prayer or no prayer.

The present study is a randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of two types of prayer, the passive and the active prayer and no prayer, on conditioned pain modulation using the heat protocol and on pain intensity. Participants are to be randomly assigned to 2 groups: the prayer group and the control group.

The control group is of (n=50) participants and the prayer group is (n=150) participants to be divided according to the style of praying identified by the prayer function scale into active and passive prayer group.

Appropriate statistical analyses will be performed to evaluate and compare treatment effects.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Healthy female.
  • Healthy male.
  • University students
  • Religious participants who would score at least two over six on the Non Organizational Religious Activities subscale of the Duke University Religious Index.

Exclusion criteria

  • Pregnant women.
  • Individuals with chronic pain.
  • Individuals with psychiatric disease.
  • Individuals suffering from headache for more than 2 days a month.
  • Individuals with high blood pressure.
  • Individuals under regular use of medication.
  • Individuals who would score 1 or 0 on the on the Non Organizational Religious Activities subscale of the Duke University Religious Index.

Treatment and study plan

Prayer

Behavioral

Prayer is a non-pharmaceutical method of pain management and a form of alternative medicine.

Reading a poem

Behavioral

Reading is a distraction tool for pain management

Primary outcomes

  1. change in conditioned pain modulation (CPM)

    Time frame: Measured prior to intervention (baseline=day 1) and immediate following the intervention (=day 1)

    the conditioned pain modulation paradigm (pressure pain threshold using a digital algometer as test stimulus and the heat pressor test (immersion of one hand in hot water of 45.5°C) as conditioning stimulus

  2. change in pain intensity

    Time frame: Measured prior to intervention (baseline=day 1) and immediate following the intervention (=day 1)

    numeric rating scale from 0 to 100 where 0 is no pain and 100 is the worst pain imaginable

Secondary outcomes

  1. The Duke University Religion Index

    Time frame: religiosity is assessed at baseline

    1.The religiosity level will be measured using the Duke University Religiosity scale, it is a 5-item self-report measure of religious involvement scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (almost never) to 5 (a great deal). It assesses the three major dimensions of religiosity, organizational religious activity, non-organizational religious activity, and intrinsic religiosity .

  2. Prayer function scale

    Time frame: the prayer function scale is assessed at baseline

    is a self-report instrument that assesses the motivation or purpose behind an individual's prayer while she or he is coping with difficult circumstances.

    The scale consists of 58 items that are scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (almost never) to 5 (a great deal).

    The measure contains four scales: Provides Acceptance (17 items), Provides Calm and Focus (11 items), Deferring/Avoiding , and Provides Assistance (14 items).

    The deferring/avoiding scale represent a passive type of prayer The assistance scale represent an active type of prayer.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Antonine University

Other

Collaborators

  • University Ghent

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Praying on Endogenous Pain Modulation and Pain Intensity in Healthy Religious Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Experiment

Important dates

Study start
2020
Primary completion
2021
Study completion
2021
First posted
Nov 3, 2020
Registry last updated
Sep 5, 2021

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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