Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Metabolic Control in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated in the Cardiovascular Healt Program

The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the past two to three months, expressed as a percentage. It is used to diagnose diabetes and prediabetes, and to monitor diabetes treatment.

A higher percentage indicates poorer glycemic control. The value will be measured at the beginning of periodontal treatment and during maintenance therapy at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.

Use of the OHIP-14 survey questionnaire that assesses people's quality of life in relation to their oral health.

It is administered through questions that quantify the impact of oral disorders. It is based on 7 dimensions: physical pain, functional limitation, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, and social disability.

Scores range from 0 to 56 and are obtained by summing the ordinal values of the 14 items. Higher scores indicate a worse quality of life, and lower scores indicate a better quality of life.

The Spanish version has been validated in older adults in Chile. We will apply the survey at the beginning of study and 12 months later.

Probing depth is the distance between the gingival margin and the bottom of the periodontal pocket. It is measured in millimeters using a periodontal probe.

It is measured at six points on each tooth. The probe is inserted parallel to the root surface in the periodontal pocket. It is moved around the gingival margin. In healthy areas, probing depth should not exceed 3 mm. Depths greater than 3.9 mm may indicate periodontal disease. We will administer this assessment at entry into the study and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Clinical attachment loss is the difference between the position of the gum and the probing depth.

It is measured at six points on each tooth using a periodontal probe. It is measured in millimeters.

It is classified according to defined stages:

Stage 1: 1 to 2 millimeters Stage 2: 2 to 3 millimeters Stages 3 and 4: 5 millimeters or more The assessment is performed at admission, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Bleeding on probing is a clinical parameter that indicates inflammation in the connective tissue of the gums.

It is performed with a standardized periodontal probe. It is measured at six sites per tooth. It is a dichotomous variable, considered positive if bleeding occurs, or negative if no bleeding occurs.

A value of less than 10% bleeding from all sites is considered periodontal stability.

It will be assessed at admission and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.