Effect of Parenteral Glutamine on Myocardial Injury and Inflammation Biomarkers

Introduction: Cardiac surgery is performed in order to improve function and decrease the incidence of cardiac events. The provision of different metabolic substrates before and during cardiac surgery can have beneficial effects, limiting the damage caused by ischemia / reperfusion (I / R) induced by this type of surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass, reflected in a better recovery and survive. Glutamine (GLN) is a non-essential amino acid should be a primary part of medical and nutritional therapy in severe patients, since the reduction of this is associated in various critical conditions including multiple trauma, sepsis or after major surgery. In cardiac patients, the concentration of intracellular GLN is always reduced regardless of the surgical technique used.

Objective: To analyze the effect of parenteral glutamine in the biomarkers of myocardial injury and inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Hypothesis: Supplementation with parenteral glutamine reduces the expression of biomarkers of myocardial injury and inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Material and methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial will be carried out according to the consort 2010 criteria, in a period from October 2018 to September 2020. A total of 124 patients will be included that will be randomized as follows: 14 patients with referral cardiopulmonary + Glutamine and 14 patients without cardiopulmonary bypass + Glutamine who will receive the dipeptide L-alanyl-L-glutamine, at a dose of 0.4 g / kg of weight 6 hours before surgery and 14 patients with cardiopulmonary bypass and 14 patients without bypass cardiopulmonary, who will receive placebo in the form of saline solution in a volume similar to the control 6 hours before the surgical intervention. Blood samples will be taken to measure the level of TROP-I, CPK-MB, HSP-70, TNFα, IL6, IL10 and PCR 1 hour before the administration of Glutamine / Placebo, 1 hour before surgery, then 1 hour after of surgery and at 12 and 24 hours after surgery to be taken to the laboratory of the Post-surgical Coronary Care Unit and obtain the reading of the samples.

Statistical analysis: Averages and standard deviations for quantitative variables will be calculated; frequencies and proportions in qualitative variables. For statistical inference. Quantitative variables will be analyzed with Student's t-test for independent samples. ANOVA will be used for repeated measurements in each group to obtain the difference of the final value minus the initial one in the dependent variable (δ). Considering two-tailed tests, any value of p <0.05 will be considered statistically significant. The data will be captured in an Excel file and the statistical analysis will be carried out with the statistical package SPSS version 20.0, (SPSS, Chicago, ILL, U.S.A.).

Ethical considerations: This study will adhere to the principles emanating from the 18th medical assembly of Helsinki, Finland in 1964 and the modifications made by that assembly in Tokyo, Japan in 1975, in Venice, Italy in 1983, in Hong Kong in 1989 and the 54th General Assembly in Seoul Korea in 2008, where medical research is contemplated (Clinical Research). It will also be in accordance with what is specified by the General Health Law of Mexico, in the area of health research, in its article 17, considering the present study with a risk greater than the minimum. Likewise, the institutional norm of the IMSS for research of human beings will be followed. All participants will sign their written consent. Resources: Patients treated at the UMAE Hospital de Especialidades del CMNO. The protocol was approved with registration number R 2018 1001 079. Group Experience: The Advisor has the experience and scientific knowledge of the realization and publication of research studies (Level II and Level III of the SNI).

Study time: It will take place from October 2018 to June 2021.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease who will undergo surgery to CRC.
• Age 40 to 70 years.
• BMI from 18.5 to 29.9 kg / m2
• Stable renal function with a serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg / dl.
• Complete and signed informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Left ventricular ejection fraction <40%.
• Pre-existing disease such as: Renal impairment under substitute treatment (peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis), Hepatic impairment, Human immunodeficiency syndrome, Viral liver disease (due to virus B and C).
• Patients with previous cardiac surgery.
• Emergency surgery or myocardial ischemia in progress.
• Known allergy to the supplement to be used in the study
• Alcohol abuse or drug use 1 month before surgery