Effect of Oral Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant Drugs on Postoperative Bleeding Risk and Venous Closure Rate in Patients With Lower Extremity Varicose Veins After Radiofrequency Ablation

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 18 years or older, with a confirmed diagnosis of primary lower extremity varicose veins (CEAP classification C2-C6) based on clinical examination and duplex ultrasound.
• Underwent endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the great saphenous vein as the primary intervention.
• Postoperatively, either: (a) continuously uses standard-dose oral antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin 100mg/day, clopidogrel 75mg/day) or oral anticoagulant drugs (e.g., warfarin with INR maintained at 2.0-3.0, direct oral anticoagulants at standard therapeutic doses) as per clinical routine, or (b) does not use any antithrombotic drugs.
• Able to understand and comply with the follow-up schedule (including 30-day bleeding assessment and 6-month duplex ultrasound examination) and provide informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of secondary varicose veins caused by deep vein thrombosis, venous malformation, or other vascular disorders.
• History of coagulation disorders (e.g., hemophilia, thrombocytopenia with platelet count <100×10⁹/L) or use of other antithrombotic agents (e.g., low-molecular-weight heparin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors) postoperatively.
• Major bleeding events (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage) within 3 months prior to RFA.
• Severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh class C), renal insufficiency (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²), or other life-threatening systemic diseases.
• Unable to complete follow-up due to mental disorders, mobility limitations, or other reasons, or refusal to sign the informed consent form.