Effect of OC459 on the Response to Rhinovirus Challenge in Asthma

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease, and in many countries prevalence is rising. The major morbidity, mortality and health care costs related to asthma are a result of periods of acutely increased symptomatology called 'exacerbations'. Most exacerbations are caused by rhinovirus, the virus associated with the common cold. There are few treatments to prevent and treat exacerbations, and despite these >50% of adult asthmatics reported having an exacerbation in the last year. There is therefore a major unmet need.

Experimentally inoculating patients with asthma with rhinovirus, a methodology that has been safely used for >15 years, induces an infection and worsening symptoms in ~85%. This model offers the possibility to investigate treatment effects on asthma exacerbations with a small number of subjects, minimising the numbers exposed to a novel drug with limited safety data. In contrast, trials of therapies powered to evaluate an effect on naturally occurring exacerbations require several hundred subjects, a long study period to capture enough events, and are significantly more expensive to carry out.

Using this model the investigators have shown that several inflammatory molecules, including prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), are significantly increased during rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations, with the levels of PGD2 strongly correlating with the severity of the symptoms. Moreover other studies have shown that when PGD2 binds the CRTH2 receptor, it stimulates the release of a number of inflammatory molecules also associated with asthma exacerbations. Blocking the CRTH2 receptor therefore appears an extremely promising target with potential to limit the virus-induced inflammation underpinning many asthma exacerbations.

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18--55 years
• Male or female
• Clinical diagnosis of asthma for at least 6 months prior to screening
• An Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) Score >0.75
• Positive histamine challenge test (PC20 <8 µg/ml, or <12 µg/ml and bronchodilator response ≥ 12%)
• Worsening asthma symptoms with infection since last change in asthma therapy
• Positive skin prick test to common aeroallergens (e.g. animal epithelia, dust mite)
• Treatment comprising inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or combination inhaler (Long -Acting Beta Agonist with ICS), with a daily ICS dose of at least 100mcg fluticasone or equivalent.
• Participant is willing for their GP to be informed of their participation.
• English speaker

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of clinically significant diseases other than asthma, which, in the opinion of the investigator, may either put the patient at risk because of participation in the trial, or diseases which may influence the results of the study or the patient's ability to take part in it
• Smoking history over past 12 months
• Seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms at screening
• Asthma exacerbation or viral illness within the previous 6 weeks
• Current or concomitant use of oral steroids, anti--leukotrienes or monoclonal antibodies
• Pregnant or breast-feeding women (patients should not be enrolled if they plan to become pregnant during the time of study participation)
• Contact with infants <6 months or immunocompromised persons, elderly and infirm at home or at work
• Subjects who have known evidence of lack of adherence to medications and/or ability to follow physician's recommendations