Effect of Music and Lighting on Anxiety During Urodynamic Study

Urodynamic study (UDS) is an important diagnostic procedure for evaluating lower urinary tract dysfunction. Because UDS requires urethral and rectal catheterization, many patients experience anxiety before and during the procedure. This study is designed to evaluate whether environmental modifications, including relaxing music and dim lighting, reduce anxiety during UDS.

Approximately 220 adult participants are planned to be enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to one of four groups: standard lighting without music, standard lighting with music, dim lighting without music, and dim lighting with music. Anxiety will be assessed before and after the procedure using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Secondary outcome measures will include heart rate and blood pressure changes. The study will evaluate the independent and combined effects of music and lighting using a 2 × 2 factorial design.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged 18 years or older.
• Scheduled to undergo urodynamic study (UDS) for clinical indications.
• Persistent lower urinary tract symptoms despite previous medical treatment or surgery.
• Able to understand the study procedures and complete the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
• Provided written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Use of anxiolytic medications.
• Use of antiarrhythmic medications.
• Use of antihypertensive medications.
• Visual or hearing impairment that could interfere with the environmental interventions or completion of the questionnaire.
• Refusal or inability to complete the STAI questionnaire.
• Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent.