Effect of Milk Ingredients on Glucose Regulation and Inflammation

Inclusion criteria

• BMI 28-35 kg/m2
• Waist circumference >102 cm
• Healthy as assessed by the NIZO lifestyle and health questionnaire and results of the pre-study safety laboratory tests.
• Regular and normal Dutch eating habits as assessed by the NIZO lifestyle and health questionnaire (3 main meals per day)
• Habitual consumption of dairy products as assessed by dietary questionnaire
• Voluntary participation
• Having given written informed consent
• Willing to comply with study procedures
• Access to internet
• Willing to accept use of all encoded data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data for at least 15 years.
• Willing to accept disclosure of the financial benefit of participation in the study to the authorities concerned

Exclusion criteria

• Participation in any clinical trial including blood sampling and/or administration of substances up to 90 days before Day 01 of this study
• Participation in any non-invasive clinical trial up to 30 days before Day 01 of this study, including no blood sampling and/or oral, intravenous or inhalatory administration of substances
• Having a history of medical or surgical events that may significantly affect the study outcome, including: Inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers, gastrointestinal or rectal bleeding; major gastrointestinal tract surgery such as gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy, or bowel resection; known or suspected gastrointestinal strictures
• Medical drug use; antibiotics, laxatives, glucose lowering drugs, insulin; all medication with an inflammation inhibiting effect (e.g. NSAIDS, corticosteroids) and/or an effect on blood coagulation (e.g. coumarins, inhibitors of thrombin or factor Xa, acetylsalicylic acid, antidepressants from the group of serotonin reabsorption inhibitors, tranexamin acid)
• Mental status that is incompatible with the proper conduct of the study
• A self-reported reported food allergy or sensitivity (wheat, milk, lactose, eggs, nuts, etc)
• Alcohol consumption > 28 units/week and 4/day
• Exercise > 3 hours/week
• Smoking >20 cigarettes/day
• Reported unexplained weight loss or weight gain of > 3 kg in the month prior to pre-study screening
• Reported slimming or medically prescribed diet
• Reported vegan or macrobiotic life-style
• Recent blood donation (<1 month prior to Day 01 of the study)
• Not willing or afraid to give up blood donation during the study
• Personnel of NIZO food research or Wageningen University, department of Human Nutrition, their partner and their first and second degree relatives
• Not having a general practitioner
• Not willing to accept information-transfer concerning participation in the study, or information regarding his health, like laboratory results, findings at anamnesis or physical examination and eventual adverse events to and from his general practitioner