Effect of Liraglutide for Weight Management in Pubertal Adolescent Subjects With Obesity

Change from baseline (week 0) in BMI SDS was evaluated at week 56. BMI SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' BMI provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the world health organisation (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation. Results are based on both participants who completed the week 0-56 trial period and participants who prematurely discontinued the trial product but attended the follow-up visit at 56.

Participants achieving more than or equal to 5% reduction in their baseline (week 0) BMI was evaluated at weeks 30, 56 and 82. Results are based on both participants who completed the trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82, and participants who could not complete the corresponding trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 30, 56 or 82, respectively.

Participants achieving more than or equal to 10% reduction in their baseline (week 0) BMI was evaluated at weeks 30, 56 and 82. Results are based on both participants who completed the trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82, and participants who could not complete the corresponding trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 30, 56 or 82, respectively.

Change in BMI SDS was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 82, and from week 56 to week 82. BMI SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' BMI provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a Z (SDS) score was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation. Results are based on both participants who completed the trial period, week 0-30 or week 0-82, and participants who could not complete the corresponding trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 30 or 82, respectively.

Change in BMI was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on both participants who completed the trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82, and participants who could not complete the corresponding trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 30, 56 or 82, respectively.

Change in body weight (kg) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on both participants who completed the trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82, and participants who could not complete the corresponding trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 30, 56 or 82, respectively.

Relative change in body weight (kg) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on both participants who completed the trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82, and participants who could not complete the corresponding trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 30, 56 or 82, respectively.

Body weight was not analysed in pounds (lb). It was analysed for standard unit, 'kg' only.

Change in waist circumference was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in waist-to-hip circumference ratio was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in total cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in non-HDL cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in triglycerides from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in free fatty acids (FFA) from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed treatment for the corresponding treatment period (week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82).

Change in fasting insulin from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in fasting C-peptide from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Number of participants in glycaemic categories, "normoglycaemia, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM)" at baseline (weeks -2), and weeks 30, 56 and 82 are presented. These categories were set as per the following criteria: 1) Normoglycaemia: FPG <5.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL) and/or HbA1c <5.7%. 2) Pre-diabetes: FPG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (both inclusive), FPG 100-125 mg/dL (both inclusive) or HbA1c 5.7-6.4% (both inclusive). 3) Type 2 diabetes (T2DM): FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L (≥126 mg/dL) and/or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Week 30, 56 and 82 results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. HOMA-B was calculated as: Beta-cell function (%) = 20·fasting insulin[mU/L]/(FPG[mmol/L]-3.5). Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82 are presented as ratio to baseline. HOMA-IR was calculated as: Insulin resistance (%) = fasting insulin [mU/L] x FPG [mmol/L]/ 22.5. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Kids (IWQOL-Kids) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. The IWQOL-Kids is a 27-item measure of weight-related quality of life. There are four domain scores (Physical Comfort, Body Esteem, Social Life and Family Life) and a total score. Scores for all domains and total score range from 0-100, with higher scores representing better health-related quality of life. IWQOL-kids data at week 82 was not collected, thus could not be evaluated. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Relative change in BMI SDS was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30 or week 0-56.

This outcome measure presents "nutritional compliance results" recorded at baseline (week 0), week 30 and week 56. Nutritional compliance was recorded on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale, with higher scores representing better compliance. Week 30 and 56 results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30 or week 0-56.

A treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that occurred in the "on-treatment" period. 'On-treatment' period: Events with onset date between the first day of trial product administration and any of the following date, whichever came first: 1) 14 days after the last day on trial product, or 2) follow-up visit (week 58) for participants who discontinued trial product, or 3) last study visit (participants withdrawn without follow-up visit).

A hypoglycaemic episode was defined as treatment emergent if the onset of the episode was on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 14 days after the last day on randomised treatment. Severe hypoglycaemia episodes were recorded as per international society for pediatric and adolescent diabetes (ISPAD) definition. And the following presented hypoglycaemia episodes were recorded as per American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition: asymptomatic hypoglycaemia, documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia, pseudo-hypoglycaemia and probable symptomatic hypoglycaemia.

Severe hypoglycaemia episodes were recorded as per the ISPAD definition. And the following presented hypoglycaemia episodes were recorded as per Novo Nordisk definition: Symptomatic BG-confirmed: An episode that is blood glucose (BG) confirmed by plasma glucose (PG) value <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Asymptomatic BG-confirmed: An episode that is BG-confirmed by PG value <3.1 mmol/L without symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. 4) Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic: An episode that is severe according to the ISPAD classification or BG-confirmed by a PG value <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. 5) BG-confirmed: An episode that is BG-confirmed by a PG value <3.1 mmol/L with or without symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. 6) Severe or BG-confirmed: An episode that is severe according to the ISPAD classification or BG-confirmed by a PG value <3.1 mmol/L with or without symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia.

This outcome measure is only applicable for the liraglutide 3.0 mg treatment arm. Number of participants who measured with anti-liraglutide binding antibodies at weeks 0, 30, 56, 58, 70 and 82 are presented.

Change in pulse was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

This outcome measure presents number of subjects with electrocardiogram findings, "normal; abnormal, not clinically significant (NCS) or abnormal, clinically significant (CS)" recorded at baseline (week -14), week 30 and week 56. These findings were categorised by the investigator. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data at week 82 was not collected, thus could not be evaluated. Week 30 and 56 results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30 or week 0-56.

Change in haemoglobin was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in haematocrit was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in haematological parameters, "thrombocytes, leucocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes" was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in erythrocytes was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in creatinine and bilirubin (total) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in biochemistry parameters, "creatinine kinase, amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)" was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in biochemistry parameters, "urea (blood urea nitrogen [BUN]), sodium, potassium, calcium total and calcium (Ca) albumin-corrected" was evaluated from baseline (week [Wk] 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in albumin was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in calcitonin was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in hormone levels, "thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin" was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in hormone levels, "thyroxine (T4) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)" was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in hormone levels, "insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cortisol" was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in hormone levels, "luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)" was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in estradiol (only for female) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

This outcome measure presents "testosterone (only for males) results" for baseline (week 0), week 30, week 56 and week 82. ADVIA Centaur Testosterone (TSTO) assay was used for the evaluation of testosterone hormone. Week 30, 56 and 82 results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in type I collagen N-telopeptide (NTX1) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are presented in "nmol bone collagen equivalents (BCE)/L". Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in type I collagen C-telopeptide (CTX1) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in alkaline phosphatase (bone specific) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

This outcome measure presents "pubertal status results" which is based on Tanner staging (Tanner stage 2-5), recorded at baseline (week 0), week 30, week 56 and week 82. Results are presented for the following categories: 1) For female: breast development and pubic hair development (by Tanner staging). 2) For male: penis development and pubic hair development (by Tanner staging). Each category shows number of participants in stages 2 to 5, where stage 2 represents "early pubertal development" and stage 5 represents "pubertal development equivalent to that of an adult". Week 30, 56 and 82 results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

This outcome measure presents number of subjects with physical examination findings, "normal; abnormal, not clinically significant (NCS) or abnormal, clinically significant (CS)" at baseline (week 0), week 30, week 56 and week 82. These findings were categorised by the investigator. Results include examination of: "general appearance"; "head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck"; "respiratory system"; "cardiovascular system (CVS)"; "gastrointestinal (GI) system including mouth"; "musculoskeletal system"; "central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)"; "skin"; "thyroid gland" and "lymph node palpation". Week 30, 56 and 82 results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in height standard deviation score (SDS) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. Height SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. Results are based on both participants who completed the trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82, and participants who could not complete the corresponding trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 30, 56 or 82, respectively.

This outcome measure presents number of subjects with "suicidal ideation or suicidal behaviour on the Columbia Suicidality Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)" assessed at baseline (week 0), week 30, week 56 and week 82. Week 30, 56 and 82 results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.

Change in Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 30 and 56, and from week 56 to week 82. The PHQ-9 questionnaire is a 9-item depression module included in the patient health questionnaire, a self-administered diagnostic tool used for assessment of mental disorders. The PHQ-9 total score ranges from 0-27; total scores of 1-4 represent no depression, total scores of 5-9 represent mild depression, total scores of 10-14 represent moderate depression, total scores of 15-19 represent moderately severe depression and total scores of 20-27 represent severe depression. Results are based on the participants who completed the corresponding trial period, week 0-30, week 0-56 or week 0-82.