Effect of Irbesartan on Insulin Sensitivity in Chronic Heart Failure

In CHF impaired insulin sensitivity is a common finding characterised by elevated fasting insulin levels and impaired effectiveness of insulin to utilise glucose in peripheral tissues, mainly in skeletal muscle tissue. Additionally, impaired insulin sensitivity, i.e. insulin resistance, progresses in parallel to severity of CHF and relates to major clinical symptoms such as reduced exercise capacity and muscle fatigue. In survival analyses, insulin resistance is a significant predictor of mortality, independently of and additionally to other established prognostic markers such as age, NYHA class, peak oxygen consumption, or LVEF. These findings indicate that insulin resistance is involved in CHF pathophysiology. Importantly, insulin resistance in CHF occurs independently of ischemic etiology. In ischaemic heart disease, however, insulin resistance as part of the metabolic syndrome is also an important prerequisite for the development of arteriosclerosis. Accordingly insulin resistance was found worst in CHF patients with ischemic etiology compared to patients with CHF due to dilated cardiomyopathy and those with ischaemic heart disease without heart failure. On the basis of these findings we hypothesise that therapeutically improving insulin sensitivity may have additional beneficial effects on energy utilisation and therefore improve clinical symptoms such as reduced exercise capacity and muscle fatigue.

Inclusion criteria

• ambulatory patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure (NAHY II-IV)
• ischemic etiology
• LVEF ≤ 45%
• standard medical treatment for CHF (such as diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, aspirin or warfarin). Patients should be treated with ACI inhibitor for at least 12 months prior to enrolment into the study. Patients should not be treated with angiotensin II receptor antagonists during the study other than the trial medication. Further medical treatment such as spironolactone, amiodarone and others are allowed if the patient is on a stable dose at the beginning of the trial. Dosages should be kept stable during the trial except adjustment is judged necessary for clinical reason.
• Patient should be hospitalised due to deterioration of the cardiac disease at least once in the last 12 months under ACE-I therapy.
• age > 21 years
• informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• hospitalisation with intervention within 2 weeks of intended randomisation
• unstable IHD or Myocardial infarction < 2 months
• open diagnosed diabetes mellitus / antidiabetic treatment with insulin, metformin, sulfonylurea, glinides
• COPD treated with steroids