Effect of Iodine Deficiency on Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease with a cyclical course with active and passive periods, which may result in the destruction of gingival fibers, resorption of alveolar bone, and subsequent tooth loss, by spreading the inflammatory event that started in the gingiva to the tissues supporting the tooth as a result of the effects of bacteria. The disease is closely associated with many systemic conditions. These conditions include diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, birth complications, pregnancy, puberty.

Iodine deficiency is an important public health problem by affecting 10-15% of the population due to the diseases it causes. Iodine deficiency affects individuals of all ages. When the daily iodine requirement cannot be met, a group of mental, physical and developmental retardation symptoms called "Iodine deficiency disorders" (IEB) (Iodine deficiency disorders-IDD) occur. With the obligatory iodization of table salt, which started in 1998 in order to eliminate iodine deficiency in Turkey, this problem has been tried to be combated by switching to iodized salt consumption.

The study material was used by 73 adult individuals who applied to Atatürk University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology for different reasons {1. group (H): periodontally healthy individuals, group 2 (P): individuals with periodontitis}. Urine samples will be collected from the participants without any periodontal intervention. Iodine levels in the urine will be studied.

There are studies in the literature to determine iodine deficiency and to determine the population periodontal disease status; however, there are no studies evaluating the possible relationship between iodine deficiency and periodontitis.

The aim of this study; To evaluate the iodine levels detected in the urine samples of patients with periodontitis by comparing them with healthy controls, and to investigate the possible role of iodine deficiency in the pathogenesis of periodontitis or a simple marker of disease activity in the light of these findings.

Inclusion criteria

• Individuals should not have any systemic disease that may or may not require medication, including salivary gland pathologies, and not particularly thyroid organ pathologies.
• Individuals have not been continuously treated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or similar drugs in the last 6 months,
• Individuals have not received periodontal treatment until 6 months ago,
• Individuals must have at least 14 teeth
• Patients diagnosed with stage 3 periodontitis

Exclusion criteria

• Having a systemic disease such as cardiovascular, diabetes, hypertension, thyroid organ pathologies, chronic kidney failure
• Being pregnant/breastfeeding
• Being on medication for any reason
• Being a smoker/tobacco user
• Having another periodontal disease other than periodontitis
• Having a chronic inflammatory disease (COPD, asthma)