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NCT Number: NCT07408921

Effect of Ice Pack and Warm Gel Pad Use During Drain Removal on Anxiety, Comfort, Physiological Parameters, and Patient Satisfaction Undergoing Open Urological Surgery

The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery.

In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study.

Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule.

In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.

In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.

In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied.

After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.

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Key information

Conditions

Drain Anxiety Disorders Behavior Health Behavior Mental Disorders Patient Satisfaction Treatment Adherence and Compliance

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

About this study

The study was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effects of ice pack and warm gel pad application during drain removal on anxiety, comfort, hemodynamic parameters, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing open urological surgery. The study will be conducted between February 2026 and February 2027 with individuals who apply to the Urology Department of Mersin University Hospital during this period and meet the sample inclusion criteria.

The sample size of the study was calculated using an a priori power analysis with the G*Power 3.1 program. In the analysis, the ANOVA: Repeated Measures, Between Factors test was used, with an effect size of f = 0.25 (Kang, 2021), a significance level of α = 0.05, and a power (1-β) of 0.80. Based on the assumption of three groups and two measurement times, the minimum total sample size required for the study was calculated as 120 participants (ice pack group: 40, warm gel pad group: 40, control group: 40). A post hoc power analysis will be performed at the end of the study.

Data will be collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. Fifteen minutes before the procedure, patients will complete the Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form. After completing and recording the forms, participants will be assigned to either the intervention or control group according to the randomization schedule.

In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.

In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.

In the control group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the procedure will be performed by the physician and routine clinical practices will be applied.

After the procedure, patients will complete the Satisfaction Assessment Scale, Comfort Assessment Scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Hemodynamic Variables Monitoring Form.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Individuals who consented to participate in the study,
  • Patients who underwent open urological surgery,
  • Patients followed with a single surgical drain,
  • Aged 18 years and older,
  • Conscious, oriented, and cooperative,
  • Without communication problems.

Exclusion criteria

  • Individuals who did not consent to participate in the study,
  • Under 18 years of age,
  • Not conscious, oriented, or cooperative,
  • With communication problems,
  • Having had a surgical drain previously,
  • Individuals with two or more surgical drains.

Treatment and study plan

ice pack

Other

In the ice pack group, when the decision is made to remove the surgical drain, the drain site will be disinfected before and after each procedure using a 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based solution. A 17 × 9 cm ice pack stored at -10°C will be wrapped in sterile gauze and applied to the drain site for approximately 10 minutes. The temperature of the application area will be measured at one-minute intervals using a calibrated infrared thermometer. When the area reaches a temperature of 13.6°C, the physician will be informed and the drain removal procedure will be initiated.

Warm Gel Pad Group

Other

In the warm gel pad group, the drain site will be assessed for integrity and leakage before and after each procedure, disinfected using 70% IPA, and then covered with a 15 × 8 cm gel pad kept at room temperature. The gel pad will be applied around the drain and covered with sterile sponges. After approximately 10 minutes of application, the drain will be removed by the physician.

Primary outcomes

  1. Anxiety

    Time frame: 10 months

    The State Anxiety Scale : In this study, the DAQ, which is structured to measure momentary feelings, was used. The DAQ consists of 20 questions on a four-point Likert scale. The statements in the DAQ are evaluated as not at all (1), a little (2), a lot (3) and completely (4). In this section, the statements are divided into direct and reversed statements. Inverted statements: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 5th, 8th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 16th, 19th, 20th items. The total score of the reversed statements is subtracted from the total score of the direct statements and the number 50, which is the invariant value of the DAQ, is added to the value obtained and the DAQ score is calculated. The scale score ranges between 20-80 and an increase in the score indicates an increase in the level of anxiety.

  2. Comfort,

    Time frame: 10 months

    It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of comfort.

  3. Physiological Parameters

    Time frame: 10 months

    In this form, systolic blood pressure measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.

  4. Patient Satisfaction

    Time frame: 10 months

    It is a scale that provides a subjective assessment of comfort on a horizontal or vertical line from 0 -10 to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction

  5. Physiological Parameters

    Time frame: 10 months

    In this form, diastolic blood pressure measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.

  6. Physiological Parameters

    Time frame: 10 months

    In this form, respiratory rate measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.

  7. Physiological Parameters

    Time frame: 10 months

    In this form, pulse rate measured in the intervention and control groups before and after the procedure will be recorded.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Gamze Bozkul

CONTACT

[email protected]

+903246000033

Gülay ALTUN UĞRAŞ

CONTACT

[email protected]

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Tarsus University

Other

Collaborators

  • Mersin University

Registry information

Official study title

Effect of Ice Pack and Warm Gel Pad Use During Drain Removal on Anxiety, Comfort, Physiological Parameters, and Patient Satisfaction in Patients Undergoing Open Urological Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Feb 13, 2026
Registry last updated
Mar 5, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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