Effect of Gastrogenic Microbiota in FD

The rate of relief of functional dyspepsia symptoms in Lactobacillus vs. placebo [Time Frame: 8 weeks] (using the the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Index PAGI-SYM).The PAGI-SYM scale is specifically developed for the assessment of functional upper gastrointestinal diseases and is used to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with these diseases. The scale comprises 21 symptoms of functional upper gastrointestinal diseases, with each symptom rated on a scale from none to very severe, scored as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, respectively. The total score is calculated and used to assess the severity of functional upper gastrointestinal diseases.

The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) is specifically designed for the assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. This scale consists of a series of questions aimed at evaluating the severity of various gastrointestinal symptoms experienced by the patient over the past week. The GSRS includes items such as pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, heartburn, and acid reflux, each rated on a scale from 'no discomfort at all' to 'very severe discomfort'. The ratings are scored on a seven-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. The total score is calculated by summing the scores of all items, providing a comprehensive assessment of the patient's gastrointestinal symptom severity.

The Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders-Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) is specifically designed to assess the quality of life in patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders, including dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and gastroparesis. This questionnaire consists of 30 items covering five domains: Daily Activities, Clothing, Diet and Food Habits, Relationship, and Psychological Well-Being and Distress. Each item is scored to reflect the impact of the disorder on the patient's quality of life, with higher scores indicating a greater impact. The PAGI-QOL has demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.83 to 0.96, ensuring its reliability and validity in assessing the quality of life in these patients.

The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) is a widely-used psychological assessment tool, developed by Dr. William W. K. Zung, specifically designed to quantify the level of anxiety in individuals. The SAS is structured to assess various dimensions of anxiety, including cognitive, affective, somatic, and autonomic symptoms, providing a comprehensive overview of an individual's anxiety level. This scale consists of 20 items, each scored on a four-point scale ranging from 1 (none or some of the time) to 4 (most or all of the time), with a total score ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety symptoms. The items are phrased to reflect common experiences of people with anxiety, making it a practical tool for both clinical and research settings. It is primarily used to evaluate the presence and intensity of anxiety symptoms, serving as a valuable instrument in the assessment and monitoring of anxiety disorders.

The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) is a widely-used psychological assessment tool developed by Dr. William W. K. Zung, designed to measure the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in individuals. This scale consists of 20 items, each assigned a rating on a scale from 1 (none or some of the time) to 4 (most or all of the time), with a total score ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms. The SDS is designed to measure the affective, psychological, and somatic aspects of depression, enabling clinicians to better understand and diagnose the condition in their patients. The SDS is a valuable tool in clinical and research settings for assessing depression and its associated factors across diverse populations. Its simple structure and straightforward administration make it an accessible and effective method for measuring depressive symptoms.

Differences in the composition of gastric mucosal and fecal microbiota before and after treatment in the probiotic group

Differences in serum and urine neurotransmitters before and after treatment in the probiotic group

number of adverse events with sporebiotics vs. placebo