Effect of Full-House ESS With Nasopharyngeal Lymphoid Tissue Ablation on Nasal Polyps

Sampling of the ethmoid sinus mucosa from patients after surgery is performed under nasal endoscopic guidance; nasopharyngeal swabs are used to collect samples from the nasopharynx. The method for nasopharyngeal sampling is as follows: The subject sits in a seated position, blows their nose, and closes their eyes before swab sample collection to facilitate relaxation and ease of sampling. A professional doctor gently inserts the nasal swab into one nostril along the bottom of the nasal cavity (parallel to the hard palate) until it reaches the nasopharynx, then rotates the swab approximately five times in the nasopharynx. The swab is placed into a collection tube containing 2 mL of RPMI medium. One nasopharyngeal swab is collected per donor each time. After processing, flow cytometry is used for analysing the numbers and proportions of inflammatory cells (including T cells, B cells, Plasma cells, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils).

Detection of inflammatory cytokine levels (e.g., IL - 5, IL - 13) in nasal secretions. Samples are collected via nasal swab, then processed and analyzed using immunoassay techniques (e.g., ELISA).

Evaluate total VAS score and individual symptoms (nasal obstruction, mucopurulent discharge, postnasal drip, headache/dizziness, facial fullness, hyposmia/anosmia, sneezing, sleep disturbance, fatigue, general discomfort). Scores are self - reported by patients using a 0 - 10 scale.

Assess nasal endoscopy scores. The scoring includes signs such as nasal polyps, mucosal edema, secretions, crusting, and scarring. Trained clinicians perform nasal endoscopy at each time point following a standardized protocol and record scores based on the presence and severity of these signs.

Assess quality - of - life symptoms (nasal discharge, sneezing, rhinorrhea, cough, postnasal drip, purulent discharge, smell/taste disturbance, nasal obstruction/congestion, ear fullness, dizziness, ear pain, facial pain/pressure, difficulty falling asleep, nighttime awakenings, poor sleep quality, morning fatigue, daytime fatigue, decreased work efficiency, difficulty concentrating, depression/irritability, anxiety, restlessness) via the SNOT - 22 questionnaire.

Polyp recurrence assessed by nasal endoscopy.

Assess the proportion of patients undergoing reoperation within 6 months after surgery. Reoperation is indicated if:

• Oral methylprednisolone (>2 courses: 3 - week tapering, initial dose 30 mg) fails to control mucosal edema/inflammation (polyp score ≥2) and severe nasal symptoms (≥1 symptom score ≥7);
• Confirmed by clinicians.

Record rescue treatment (oral methylprednisolone: days 1-5: 30 mg, days 6-10: 20 mg, days 11-15: 10 mg, days 16-20: 5 mg) initiation for symptom/polyp recurrence.

Record postoperative complications, including bleeding, infection, and altered Sense of Smell.