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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07295743

Effect of Emergence Angle on Peri-implant Status

The study was conducted at the Division of Periodontology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Dentistry. Participants were systemically healthy individuals aged 18 to 70 who had received dental implant prostheses within the past five years and had high-quality panoramic radiographs. The peri-implant status of the subjects was evaluated using various indices and radiographic analyses in accordance with Chicago's Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Additionally, measurements of gingival thickness, gingival phenotype, keratinized gingival width, and emergence angle were performed.

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Key information

Conditions

Peri-implantitis Mouth Diseases Peri-Implant Health Peri-implant Mucositis Periodontal Diseases Stomatognathic Diseases

Age range

18 year–70 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Dentistry Faculty

Bolu, 14030, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Patient histories were collected from those who met the study criteria, and panoramic radiographs were taken. A total of 310 implants were initially assessed, and 192 implants were selected for inclusion in the study. All implant patients underwent an evaluation of plaque index , gingival index, bleeding on probing , pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession. The peri-implant condition was determined using these indices and radiographs, in accordance with the guidelines from the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions and the 2023 European Federation of Periodontology. Patients were categorized into three groups: peri-implantitis (64), peri-implant health (64), and peri-implant mucositis (64). Additionally, gingival thickness (GT), keratinized gingival width (KGW), and gingival phenotype (GP) around the implants were measured, and the emergence angle (EA) of the implants was calculated.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Systemically healthy individuals or individuals with controlled medical conditions
  • Availability of high-quality panoramic radiographs that could be accurately measured after fabrication of the dental implant prosthesis
  • Implants placed no more than five years prior to evaluation

Exclusion criteria

  • Individuals with uncontrolled systemic diseases
  • Presence of habitual bruxism
  • Current smokers
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals
  • Use of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive medications affecting the mucosa or bone
  • Individuals who had received treatment for peri-implant disease after implant placement
  • Development of peri-implantitis due to residual cement or prosthesis design, or improperly positioned implants

Treatment and study plan

emergence profile

Other

The emergence angles of the implants were measured on panoramic radiographs.

Primary outcomes

  1. Emergence angle

    Time frame: Baseline

    EA was determined by measuring the angle formed between the long axis of the implant and a tangent line drawn to the restoration. A line was initially drawn along the long axis of the implant at its outside collar. Subsequently, a second line, tangent to the restoration, was drawn from the platform. The angle at which the junction occurred was recorded as the EA .

Secondary outcomes

  1. periodontal pocket depth

    Time frame: Baseline

    The periodontal pocket depth is the measurement of the distance between the gingival margin and the most coronal region of the junctional epithelium.

  2. bleeding on probing

    Time frame: Baseline

    The bleeding on probing index was established as the occurrence of bleeding in the sulcus, thirty seconds after measuring the depth of the periodontal pockets in all dental implant.

  3. plaque index

    Time frame: Baseline

    an index for estimating the status of oral hygiene by measuring dental plaque that occurs in the areas adjacent to the gingival margin. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum. The situation worsens as the score increases.

  4. gingival index

    Time frame: Baseline

    The Gingival Index (GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale, with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling, and spontaneous bleeding. 0 is minimum and 3 is maximum.

  5. clinical attachment level

    Time frame: Baseline

    The peri-implant clinical attachment level is determined by measuring the distance from the implant margin to the base of the mucosal sulcus using a Williams periodontal probe.

  6. Gingival recession

    Time frame: Baseline

    Gingival recession is the measured distance between the enamel-cementum and the gingival margin. Assessment was performed using a Williams periodontal probe.

  7. gingival thickness

    Time frame: Baseline

    GT was measured by inserting a number eight canal file from the buccal side of the implant until it reached the alveolar bone and then securing it with a stopper to determine the distance.

  8. keratinized tissue width

    Time frame: Baseline

    The width of the keratinized gingiva was measured via a periodontal probe from the mucogingival margin to the gingival margin.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Abant Izzet Baysal University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Implant Prosthesis Emergence Angle on Peri-Implant Health and Disease

Acronym: EEAPS

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Dec 22, 2025
Registry last updated
Dec 22, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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