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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07715578

Effect of Balance Exercises on Performance in Amputee Football Players

This randomized controlled study evaluated the effects of an 8-week balance and trunk stabilization exercise program on balance and functional performance in male amputee football players. Twenty athletes aged 18 to 45 years were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group.

The intervention group completed trunk stabilization, proprioceptive balance, and sport-specific plyometric exercises twice weekly in addition to routine football training. The control group continued routine football training only. Balance and functional mobility were assessed before and after the 8-week period using the Berg Balance Scale, the L-Test of Functional Mobility, and the Figure-of-8 Walk Test.

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Key information

Conditions

Lower Limb Amputation Balance Impairment

Age range

18 year–45 year

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Amputee Football Training Facility

Sakarya, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Male amputee football players aged 18 to 45 years.
  • Unilateral lower-limb amputation.
  • Classification as A1 according to the amputee football classification system.
  • Active participation in amputee football for at least 6 months.
  • Ability and willingness to participate in the study.
  • Provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

  • Bilateral lower-limb amputation.
  • Insufficient experience in using crutches or a prosthesis.
  • Any acute injury or serious neurological, cardiovascular, or other medical condition that could prevent completion of the L-Test of Functional Mobility, Figure-of-8 Walk Test, or exercise program.
  • An active injury or rehabilitation condition preventing participation in football training.

Treatment and study plan

Balance and Trunk Stabilization Exercise Program

Behavioral

An 8-week exercise program performed twice weekly in addition to routine football training. The program included trunk stabilization, proprioceptive balance exercises, and sport-specific plyometric jumping and agility exercises.

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in L-Test of Functional Mobility Completion Time

    Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks

    Functional mobility, speed, agility, and dynamic balance were assessed using the L-Test of Functional Mobility. Participants completed three trials, and the mean completion time was recorded in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better functional performance. Change was calculated by comparing the assessment performed at baseline with the assessment performed after the 8-week intervention.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Figure-of-8 Walk Test Completion Time

    Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks

    Dynamic balance, agility, postural control, and directional change ability were assessed using the Figure-of-8 Walk Test. Participants completed three trials, and the mean completion time was recorded in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better performance. Change was assessed from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention.

  2. Change in Figure-of-8 Walk Test Step Count

    Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks

    Movement efficiency during the Figure-of-8 Walk Test was assessed by recording the number of steps required to complete the test. Participants completed three trials, and the mean step count was calculated. A lower number of steps indicates greater movement efficiency. Change was assessed from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention.

  3. Change in Berg Balance Scale Total Score

    Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks

    Static and functional balance were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale. The scale contains 14 items scored from 0 to 4, providing a total score ranging from 0 to 56. Higher scores indicate better balance and lower fall risk. Change was assessed from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Istanbul Rumeli University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Evaluation of the Effect of Balance Exercises on the Performance of Amputee Football Players

Acronym: AF-BALANCE

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Jul 20, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 20, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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