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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07429825

Effect of a Mobile-Based Anti-Smoking Nursing Intervention on Nursing Students (HDDN)

This clinical trial aims to understand whether a mobile-based anti-smoking nursing intervention can help nursing students change their smoking-related intentions, attitudes, and decision-making. The study focuses on nursing students who currently smoke.

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

Does the mobile-based nursing intervention reduce nursing students' intention to smoke?

Does the intervention change students' attitudes toward smoking?

Does the intervention affect how students weigh the benefits and harms of smoking when making decisions?

Researchers will compare nursing students who receive the mobile-based anti-smoking nursing intervention with students who do not receive this intervention.

Participants will use a mobile application developed by nurses. Through the application, participants will receive structured nursing support related to smoking prevention. Participants will complete questionnaires about their smoking intentions, attitudes, and decision-making at different time points during the study.

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Key information

Conditions

Tobacco Abuse Cigarette Behavior Smoking

Age range

17 year–65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Ege University Faculty of Nursing

Izmir, Bornova, 35100, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effect of a mobile-based anti-smoking nursing intervention on smoking intention, attitudes toward smoking, and smoking-related decision-making balance among nursing students.

Eligible participants consist of nursing students who currently smoke. Following baseline assessments, participants are randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group to ensure comparability between groups at the start of the study.

Participants in the intervention group receive a mobile-based anti-smoking nursing intervention developed within the framework of the nursing process. The intervention is delivered through a structured mobile application and provides planned nursing support aimed at increasing awareness, supporting behavior change, and strengthening smoking-related decision-making. The intervention content is delivered over a defined period and is designed to promote active engagement.

Participants in the control group do not receive the mobile-based nursing intervention and continue under usual conditions throughout the study period.

Data are collected at baseline and at predefined follow-up time points using validated scales and a structured questionnaire. Smoking intention is assessed using the Smoking Intention Questionnaire, attitudes toward smoking are measured with the Smoking Attitudes Scale, and smoking-related decision-making balance is evaluated using the Smoking Decision Balance Scale. Changes over time are analyzed by comparing outcomes between the intervention and control groups.

This study is conducted as part of a doctoral dissertation.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being an undergraduate student currently enrolled at Ege University Faculty of Nursing
  • Volunteering to participate in the study and providing written informed consent
  • Smoking one or more cigarettes per day
  • Owning a smartphone with either iOS or Android operating system and having regular internet access
  • Having no prior participation in any smoking cessation intervention study

Exclusion criteria

  • Having previously participated in a smoking cessation intervention program or study
  • Being a non-smoker

Treatment and study plan

HDDN Mobile Application

Device

The intervention is a mobile-based nursing intervention designed to prevent smoking and support positive health behavior change among nursing students. It is delivered through a smartphone application compatible with iOS and Android operating systems.

The intervention includes structured educational modules, motivational messages, and self-monitoring activities focused on smoking-related intention, attitudes, and decision-making balance. Participants receive reminder notifications twice daily during the intervention period. In addition, the application provides nurse-guided support through a messaging feature that allows participants to ask questions and receive guidance.

The content of the intervention is based on established behavior change theories and is standardized to ensure that all participants receive the same intervention

Primary outcomes

  1. Smoking Intention

    Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test), 22 days after baseline (1st Follow-up), and 1 month after the first follow-up (2nd Follow-up)

    Measured using the Smoking Intention Questionnaire (SIQ). The questionnaire consists of 4 items assessing trying, craving, planning, and thinking. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1-5). Total scores range from 4 to 20. Higher scores indicate stronger intention to smoke (worse outcome), whereas lower scores indicate weaker intention to smoke (better outcome).

  2. Attitudes toward smoking

    Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test), 22 days after baseline (1st Follow-up), and 1 month after the first follow-up (2nd Follow-up).

    Measured using the Attitudes Toward Smoking Scale. The scale consists of 45 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale (1-6). Total scores range from 45 to 270. Higher scores indicate more positive attitudes toward smoking (worse outcome), whereas lower scores indicate more negative attitudes toward smoking (better outcome).

  3. Smoking decision-making balance

    Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test), 22 days after baseline (1st Follow-up), and 1 month after the first follow-up (2nd Follow-up).

    Measured using the Smoking Decisional Balance Scale. The scale consists of 24 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1-5), including 11 items assessing perceived benefits of smoking (score range 11-55) and 13 items assessing perceived harms of smoking (score range 13-65). The decisional balance score is calculated by subtracting the perceived harms score from the perceived benefits score. Total scores range from -54 to +42. Positive scores indicate that perceived benefits outweigh harms (worse outcome), whereas negative scores indicate that perceived harms outweigh benefits (better outcome).

Secondary outcomes

  1. Smoking Cessation Behavior.

    Time frame: During the 14-day intervention period.

    Percentage of participants who reported "I no longer smoke" for at least 7 days during the 14-day mobile application intervention period, tracked via self-control diaries.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

LÜTFİYE GÖKÇE

Other

Collaborators

  • The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Mobile-Based Anti-Smoking Nursing Interventions on Smoking Intention, Attitude, and Decision-Making Balance of Nursing Students

Acronym: HDDN

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Feb 24, 2026
Registry last updated
Feb 24, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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