EEG/MECG/EMG Evaluating the Severity of Aortic Stenosis, Heart Failure and Ischemic Stroke Through an Artificial Intelligenceassisted System.

Inclusion criteria

• Age≥20 year-old
• Healthy subjects or patients with A. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) ；B. HF with reduced ejection fractions (HFrEF, defined by left ventricular ejection fraction≤40%) and current or previous symptoms of HF；C. Severe aortic stenosis (defined aortic valve area < 1.0 cm2 or mean pressure gradient ≥ 40 mmHg), preparing to receive transcatheter aortic valve replacement ；D. Acute ischemic stroke and admitted to stroke intensive care unit (ICU), within 24 hours after onset

The criteria of MetS includes:

• Abdominal obesity: waist circumference (for Asians) ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women;
• Hyperglycemia: serum fasting glucose level ≥ 100 mg/dl, or receiving drug treatment for elevated blood sugar;
• Reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): serum HDL-C < 40 mg/dl in men and < 50 mg/dl in women or on cholesterol drug treatment;
• Elevated triglycerides: serum triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl or on drug treatment of hypertriglyceridemia;
• Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg, or on antihypertensive drug treatment.

Exclusion criteria

• Under treatment for malignancy
• Currently receiving immunosuppressants
• Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≥2 prior to the stroke
• Symptomatic HF in patients with acute ischemic stroke
• Unable to perform neurocognitive function test
• Unable to evaluate the physical activity using questionnaire or 6-minute walk test
• Unable to cooperate with examinations using 3E combo machine.