EDLS-clips in Endoscopic Full-thickness Resection

The clinical data of patients who underwent endoscopic double-layer suture with titanium clip after endoscopic full-thickness resection at the Endoscopy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from March 2022 to May 2024 were collected. Indications for endoscopic treatment of SMT: ① For tumors suspected of having malignant potential through preoperative examination or confirmed by biopsy pathology, especially for those suspected of having GIST with a preoperative long diameter of ≤2cm, low risk of recurrence and metastasis, and possibly complete resection, endoscopic resection can be performed. For suspected low-risk GIST with a tumor long diameter greater than 2cm and preoperative assessment excluding lymph node or distant metastasis, under the premise of ensuring complete tumor resection, endoscopic resection can be considered to be carried out by experienced endoscopists in units with mature endoscopic treatment techniques. ② SMT with symptoms (such as bleeding, obstruction). ③ Patients who are suspected of being benign by preoperative examination or confirmed by pathology, but cannot be followed up regularly or whose tumors increase in a short period of time during the follow-up period, or who have a strong willingness for endoscopic treatment. When the tumor protrudes into the serosa or partially grows outside the cavity, or when it is found during the operation that the tumor is closely adhered to the serosa layer and cannot be separated, EFTR can be selected for endoscopic treatment. Complications related to SMT in endoscopic treatment: (1) Intraoperative bleeding: Bleeding that causes the patient's hemoglobin to drop by more than 20g/L. (2) Postoperative bleeding: Postoperative bleeding is manifested as hematemesis, melena or hematochezia, etc. In severe cases, there may be manifestations of hemorrhagic shock. It mostly occurs within one week after the operation, but it can also appear 2 to 4 weeks after the operation. (3) Delayed perforation: It is usually manifested as abdominal distension, aggravated abdominal pain, signs of peritonitis, fever, and imaging examination shows gas accumulation or an increase in gas accumulation compared to before. (4) Gas-related complications: including subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum, etc. (5) Digestive tract fistula: Digestive juices caused by endoscopic surgery flow into the thoracic or abdominal cavity through the leakage channel. From a patient's medical records collected in the patient's age, gender, lesion characteristics, endoscopic treatment and postoperative clinical course details and other information. The investigators define the position of the lesion on the short axis as the position of the lesion center. The closure time is defined as the period from the start (when the investigators insert the clamp into the visual field channel) to the end of closure (when the last clamp is released).

Inclusion criteria

• Having a tumor located in the stomach and confirmed to originate from the muscularis propria on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS);
• Having a tumor diameter >1 cm, which can be completely resected using endoscopic techniques, and with low risk of residue and recurrence;
• Preoperative assessment excluded those with lymph node or distant metastasis;
• Being able to tolerate tracheal intubation anesthesia, with no coagulation dysfunction or anticoagulant drugs stopped before EFTR.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who have been evaluated preoperatively and are considered to have lymph node or distant metastasis;
• who cannot tolerate general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation,
• who have not discontinued anticoagulant drugs before EFTR or have coagulation dysfunction.