Early Psychosocial Stimulation Program for Children of Depressed Mothers

Research findings suggest that maternal depression affects infant development and growth through multiple processes. Disability due to depressive symptoms (such as fatigue, poor concentration, loss of interest) is likely to affect child-care abilities directly, while impaired social functioning is likely to have indirect consequences through lack of support in childcare. Disturbances in mother-infant relationship in depressed mothers (Cooper 1999) negatively influence the infant's development. The Community-Based Multimodal Psychosocial Intervention LTP has been designed to target these processes and include a supportive component, an educational component (nutritional and healthcare advice)and a parenting programme (Childs psychosocial development through mother-infant play providing stimulation, and support for exploration and autonomy for the infant (Rahman et 2008). The objective will be to help mothers feel supported, empowered and confident about their parenting abilities, and through this process positively influence their mood. Rather than the directive approach of the medical model, health workers will be trained to adopt a more patient-centered approach, tailoring the components according to individual needs of the patient.

Further qualitative testing of the intervention will take place, This will help us to further refine the intervention package, and understand the underlying mediators (maternal mood state, levels of social support, appropriate care, etc) and moderators (education, socioeconomic status) of intervention. Some or all of these important mediators/moderators will then be later studied in detail. Detailed documentation, protocol and training-programme development for the intervention will take place in this trial.

We plan to have this intervention delivered over a three months period. Initially we will deliver weekly sessions in the first 8 weeks of recruitment. This will be followed by two fortnightly sessions in the third month. Thus making a total of 10 sessions. Each session would take up to one hour. These group sessions will be carried out at the health centre.

The trial will give an opportunity to test if the proposed intensity and duration of the intervention are acceptable to participants and to set into place mechanisms to ensure a high level of consistency with which the intervention is delivered. Feedback of performance will give an idea of how frequently refresher training is to be provided and the intervention delivery monitored. Outcome measures for the main trial and cost-effectiveness will also be tested during this phase.

The proposed pilot trial design is a single-blind study, with two parallel groups randomised individually.

Inclusion criteria

• All Mothers of children aged between 6-30 months having maternal depression

Exclusion criteria

• Subjects will not be included in the trial if they have a diagnosed medical condition or significant physical or learning disability, postpartum or other form of psychosis, or are currently under psychiatric care.
• Mothers of children with any serious medical or psychiatric illness will also be excluded.
• The age range of mothers for inclusion in the study will be 16 to 40 years, and all subjects should intend to stay in the study area for at least another 6 months.