Early Diagnosis of the GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome With a Blood Based Test

The Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1DS) is a debilitating, proteiform neurometabolic disorder caused by an impairment in the glucose transporter Glut1 at the cell surface. Patients suffer from seizures, movement disorders and intellectual disabilities. A timely diagnosis is of prime importance as this haploinsufficiency can be improved by the so-called ketogenic diet.

By diagnosing Glut1DS early, based on symptoms associated with Glut1DS, healthcare providers can prescribe the Keto diet therapy early in the disease progression, which could prevent impairment of central nervous system function caused by the disease. Therefore, an early diagnosis of Glut1DS for its treatment is crucial.

Currently, the disease is very difficult to diagnose correctly and in a timely manner. The current diagnosis practice requires a lumbar puncture in order to determine if hypoglycorrhachia occurs. The diagnosis result is then supported by the detection of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in slc2a1 gene. This diagnosis procedure is time consuming, expensive, and requires a geneticist's data interpretation. Currently, ketogenic diet therapy is the most efficient therapy for Glut1DS.

METAglut1 is a first-in-kind IVD device used to aid in the diagnosis of the Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome (Glut1DS) by quantifying the cell surface expression level of the glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) on circulating human red blood cells. The METAglut1 IVD is primarily intended for use in pediatric patients older than 3 months, of both sexes, of any ethnic origin. The METAglut1 IVD may also be used to aid in the diagnosis of Glut1DS in adults with late onset symptoms.

The METAglut1 IVD is authorized for marketing in the European Union pursuant to the CE mark and is currently being distributed in France.

The study aims to validate the diagnostic performances of METAglut1. It will last for 2 years, more than 40 centers will participate in the study across France. Up to 3,000 patients with symptoms compatible with Glut1DS will be included prospectively; each of them will be tested for METAglut1, in parallel and blindly of the reference strategy. The METAglut1 test is performed by Laboratoire CERBA (Saint-Ouen l'Aumône, France). A retrospective cohort of already diagnosed patients will also be analyzed to add more data. Concordance analysis with the glycorrhachia, the first biochemical dosage involved in the reference strategy, will be performed, and overall diagnostic performances of METAglut1 calculated.

Before to start analysis, a thorough data management plan was implemented with on-site monitoring, automated controls of eCRF and recoding after queries and data reviewing.

Prospective patients - Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical suspicion of the GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome

Retrospective patients - Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with confirmed Glut1DS diagnosis
• Patients with pending diagnosis at inclusion (inconsistent biological or genetic data)

Exclusion criteria

(for both cohorts):

• Patients under 3 months of age
• Sickle cell disease S/S
• Abnormal imaging