Early Diagnosis of Compartment Syndrome by Multimodal Detection Technique

The participants is health volunteers, age 18-60 years. When the participants agree to participate in the experiment, the experimenter first needs to explain the experimental process to the participants, and ask the participants to agree and sign the informed consent before they can conduct the experiment. The experiment was conducted in the emergency medicine department of a university-affiliated top three hospital.

When the participants are included in the experimental study, the general demographic information of the participants, such as name, gender, age, etc., is first collected. Ensure the experimental environment is comfortable, ambient temperature 20-24℃, ambient humidity 50-60%. Participants have loose clothing on their lower limbs to avoid pressure on their limbs. Take the supine position, keep the calf hanging, support the heel, make the calf level flush with the heart, rest for 5 minutes.

The monitor (M3002A, Philips Medizin Systeme Boeblingen GmbH, Germany) was used to continuously monitor the electrocardiogram, the left upper arm measured blood pressure (BP), and the right middle finger to monitor pulse oximetry (SpO2). The calf circumference was measured at the midpoint of the bilateral humerus with a soft ruler. The maximum thickness of anterior fascia compartment was measured at the midpoint of the tibia using an ultrasonic machine (Acclarix AX8, Shenzhen Libang Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., China).

The random number table method selects one side of the calf as the experimental side and the opposite side as the control side.

(8) The following parameters were recorded at baseline (pressure 0mmHg in the calf tourniquet on both sides): (1) heart rate, blood pressure; (2) right middle finger, lower limbs, middle toe finger vein oxygen SpO2; (3) bilateral Local blood tissue parameters (TOI, THI, ΔCHb, CHbO2, ΔCtHb) in the calf; (4) Near-infrared thermography temperature values (T-u1, T-u2) in the knee and thighs of the lower leg and the instep and toe Near-infrared thermography temperature values (T-d1, T-d2); (5) bilateral radial artery ultrasound Doppler measurement parameters (D-pa, S-pa, Vs-pa, Vd-pa, DRAF-pa) Ultrasound Doppler measurement parameters of bilateral iliac veins (D-pv, S-pv, Vs-pv, Vd-pv), bilateral posterior tibial artery and dorsal artery ultrasound Doppler measurement parameters (Vs-pta, Vd -pta, SFAF-pta, Vs-da, Vd-da, SFAF-da). (6) Two-point identification threshold TPD.

In turn, the experimental side calf tourniquet was inflated and pressurized to a pressure value of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 mmHg, and the pressure inside the tourniquet was up to 10 s during pressurization, and maintained stable for 1 min, measured and the above indicators were recorded within 3 min. During the experiment, the subjects were closely monitored for adverse reactions. At the end of the study, the observation was continued for 30 minutes, and the drinking water was at least 500 ml, and the limb sensation, pain and urine color were continuously observed within 24 hours.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy adults, aged 18-60 years; No obvious cardiovascular diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Complete limbs without deformity and no history of lower limb trauma; Informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• pregnancy or use of oral contraceptives; History of diabetes; History of deep vein thrombosis; Peripheral neuropathy; peripheral vascular disease; History of rhabdomyolysis