Dysfunctional Breathing in Individuals With Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A cut-off score of ≥20 in Nijmegen will be used to define dysfunctional breathing. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 60 points. Higher scores mean worse outcome.

A standard value of <35 mmHg will be used as the cut-off point for dysfunction

This technique is used to assess and measure the distribution of respiratory movement between the upper and lower parts of the rib cage and abdomen

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) will be done with a spirometer according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. The total amount of air (L) that can be forced out after taking a deep breath will be recorded. Measures lung capacity.

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) will be done with a spirometer according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. The amount of air (L) a person can forcefully expel in the first second of a breath will be recorded

The percentage of the ratio of FEV1 to FVC will be calculated and recorded

Forced Expiratory Flow 25-75% (FEF25-75%) will be assessed with a spirometer according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. The air flow rate (L/s) during the middle part of the exhalation (25%-75%) will be recorded.

Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) will be assessed with a spirometer according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. The highest flow rate (L/s) achieved during a forceful exhalation will be recorded.

If the duration is less than 25 seconds, it is considered as possible dysfunctional breathing

If the duration is less than 35 seconds, it is considered as possible dysfunctional breathing

Visual analog scale (VAS) will be used in the assessment.Individuals' pain at rest, during activity and at night will be assessed on a scale of 0-10.Minimum score is 0 and maximum score is 10 Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

For the assessment of pain threshold, the minimum pressure value that causes pain or discomfort will be recorded

the maximum tolerated pressure value will be recorded in the assessment of pain tolerance

The scale has 21 questions. The questions will be answered by selecting one of four options: none, mild, moderate and severe. 8-15 points will be categorized as mild anxiety symptoms, 16-25 points as moderate anxiety symptoms, 26 - 63 points as severe anxiety symptoms. the maximum score of the scale is 63

The scale has two parts. The first section has five sub-scales: movement, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The answers given in each section have 5 options; "no problem", "mild problem", "moderate problem", "severe problem" and "extreme problem". In the second section, individuals give a value between 0 and 100 about their current health status.

It consists of a total of 14 items and two subscales measuring negative affectivity and social inhibition. Each item is scored on a 0-4 scale. The cut-off point of the two subscales is ≥ 10.