Dyadic Co-learning Intervention for Patients With Prostate Cancer and Their Spouses

This study will adopt the Chinese version of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire to assess family resilience in patients with prostate cancer and their spouses. The scale uses a 5-point Likert rating, ranging from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always). Total scores range from 26 to 130, with higher scores indicating greater levels of family resilience.

This study will use the Chinese version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) to assess symptoms and related distress in patients with prostate cancer. The scale consists of 26 items covering four domains: urinary incontinence, urinary irritation/obstruction, bowel symptoms and distress, sexual function and distress, and vitality/hormonal function and distress. Total scores range from 0 to 100, which higher scores indicate fewer symptoms and less distress.

The Taiwanese version of the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) will be used to assess the severity of cancer-related fatigue over the past 24 hours and its impact on daily life in patients with prostate cancer. The instrument consists of 9 items; each rated on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate greater fatigue severity or greater interference with daily activities.

he 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) will be used to measure individual resilience among both prostate cancer patients and their spouses. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 4, with total scores ranging from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater resilience.

The Chinese version of the Loneliness Scale will be used to assess the level of loneliness in both prostate cancer patients and their spouses. The scale consists of 9 items, covering two subscales: social loneliness and emotional loneliness. Each item is scored dichotomously (0 or 1), with total scores ranging from 0 to 9. Higher scores indicate a greater sense of loneliness.

The Chinese Happiness Inventory, developed specifically for Chinese populations, will be used to measure subjective well-being among patients and their spouses. The scale includes 10 items rated on a 4-point scale (0-3), with total scores ranging from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater perceived well-being.

This questionnaire consists of five items designed to assess participants' satisfaction with the intervention program, including the mobile application, multimedia videos, handbook, and professional support. Each item will be scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction.

The demographic information form will be used to collect the ages of patients and their spouses; a higher value indicates older age.

The demographic information form will be used to collect the education levels of patients and their spouses, categorized as: elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, college/university, and graduate degree.

The demographic information form will be used to collect the religious belief of patients and their spouses, categorized as: None, Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Catholicism, folk religion, and others.

The demographic information form will be used to collect the employment status of patients and their spouses, categorized as: full-time employed, part-time employed, on medical leave (retaining employment), retired, unemployed, or other.

The demographic information form will be used to collect the ages of patients and their spouses; categorized as none, or number of sons and daughters (self-reported).

The demographic information form will be used to collect the relationship status of patients and their spouses, categorized as married, single/never married, divorced, widowed, cohabiting, or remarried.

The demographic information form will be used to collect the living arrangement of patients, categorized as living alone, living with spouse, living with spouse and children, living with spouse and grandchildren, living with grandchildren, or other.

The disease-related information form will be used to collect the cancer stage of patients.

The disease-related information form will be used to collect the time since diagnosis (in months) of patients.

The disease-related information form will be used to collect the most recent PSA level (ng/mL) of patients.

The disease-related information form will be used to collect the initial PSA level (ng/mL) of patients.

The disease-related information form will be used to collect the gleason score of patients.

Primary treatment method for prostate cancer will be collected using the disease-related information form.

The disease-related information form will be used to collect the history of cancer recurrence among patients.

Presence of comorbidities, assessed using the disease-related information form; categorized as none, or specified conditions (diabetes mellitus, asthma, gastrointestinal ulcer, glaucoma, hypertension, bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cataract, heart disease, stroke, arthritis/degenerative joint disease, or other).

The disease-related information form will be used to collect the perceived physical health status of patients and their spouses, with higher scores indicating better perceived physical health.

Menopausal status (irregular menstruation but not complete cessation), assessed using the disease-related information form; categorized as yes/no.

History of menopause, assessed using the disease-related information form; categorized as yes/no. For participants who responded "yes," the age at menopause (in years) will be recorded.