Drug Interaction Study of Safinamide and a BCRP Substrate, Diclofenac, Concomitantly Administered to Healthy Volunteers

According to Xadago™ SmPC, safinamide may transiently inhibit BCRP, therefore a time interval of 5 h should be kept between dosing of safinamide and medicinal products that are BCRP substrates with a Tmax ≤2 h (e.g. diclofenac, pitavastatin, pravastatin, ciprofloxacin, methotrexate, topotecan or glyburide).

Following a specific request of EMA CHMP, the present interaction study in healthy male and female volunteers was conducted to determine if co-administration of safinamide with a BCRP substrate alters plasma exposure of the BCRP substrate in vivo.

Diclofenac was chosen among the other BCRP substrates considering its large use in the general population. Diclofenac in fact is an important analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug, widely used for the treatment of postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic pain. Consequently, diclofenac is often used in combination regimens and undesirable drug-drug interactions may occur.

Voltaren®, 50 mg soluble tablets, was selected among other possible diclofenac products because with this formulation peak concentration of diclofenamic acid is achieved at approximately 1 h, i.e. in less than 2 h.

The present interaction study was designed in agreement with the FDA Guideline on Drug Interaction studies, taking also in consideration the EMA guideline on the Investigation of drug interactions.

Inclusion criteria

• Signed written informed consent before inclusion in the study
• Males and females, 25-55 years old
• Body Mass Index (BMI): 18.5-30 kg/m2
• Systolic blood pressure 100-139 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 50-89 mmHg, heart rate 50-90 bpm
• Ability to comprehend the full nature and purpose of the study
• Females of child-bearing potential must use at least one of the following :

A non-hormonal intrauterine device or female condom with spermicide or contraceptive sponge with spermicide or diaphragm with spermicide or cervical cap with spermicide for at least 2 months before the screening visit A male sexual partner who agreed to use a male condom with spermicide A sterile sexual partner Female participants of non-child-bearing potential or in post-menopausal status for at least 1 year were admitted.

Exclusion criteria

• Contraindications to MAO-B inhibitors, antiepileptic drugs, or to any NSAIDs
• Clinically significant abnormalities in ECG
• Clinically significant abnormal physical findings
• Clinically significant abnormal laboratory values
• Hypersensitivity or history of anaphylaxis to drugs or allergic reactions in general
• Significant history of renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, skin, haematological, endocrine or neurological diseases
• Medications, including over the counter medications and herbal remedies, NSAID or anticoagulant use for 2 weeks before and during the entire study; morphine or other similar opioids, SSRIs, SNRIs, tri- or tetracyclic antidepressant, tramadol, pethidine, dextromethorphan, MAO inhibitors, meperidine derivatives and antiepileptic drugs, medicinal products that are BCRP substrates, any known enzyme inhibiting or inducing agent within 4 weeks preceding the screening visit.
• Participation in the evaluation of any investigational product for 3 months before the study.
• Blood donations for 3 months before the study
• History of drug, alcohol, caffeine or tobacco abuse
• Positive drug test at screening or day -1
• Positive alcohol breath test at day -1
• Abnormal diets or substantial changes in eating habits in the 4 weeks before the study; vegetarians
• Positive or missing pregnancy test at screening or day -1, pregnant or lactating women