Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study of Adjunctive Aripiprazole for Symptomatic Hyperprolactinemia In Premenopausal Women With Schizophrenia

This will be a 16-week, double blind, placebo controlled randomized trial of aripiprazole added to an existing stabilized regimen of antipsychotics (either risperidone or paliperidone oral or long acting injectable formulations) for treatment of elevated symptomatic prolactin levels. Aripiprazole dosing will begin at 5 mg/day once daily and increased to 10mg by mouth once daily at the end of week 2 and then increased to 15 mg/day once daily at the end of week 8 in women who have not yet regained their menstrual period. If a woman gets her menstrual period on the 5 or 10 mg dose she will remain on this dose for the study. Women will remain on their current stabilized medication regimen during the course of the adjunctive trial of aripiprazole or placebo. Subjects will be able to receive anticholinergic medications as needed (e.g., benztropine and diphenhydramine) for extrapyramidal side effects, propranolol for akathisia, and benzodiazepines (e.g.,lorazepam) for agitation or anxiety.

Participants will be assigned to either get aripiprazole or placebo (a sugar pill), this will be decided randomly with a 50-50 chance of receiving one or the other medication. The placebo will be sucrose filled capsules that are identical to the active medication. It is double blind so no one will know if the capsule is placebo or aripiprazole. The dosing will be the exact same, one capsule taken daily until week 8. At this time 2 capsules will be given if the participant dose not regains their menstrual period.

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects will be females of any race, with an age range of 18?50.
• Subjects will meet DSM-IV TR (APA, 2000) criteria for either schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. A best estimate diagnostic approach will be utilized in which information from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (First et al, 1997) is supplemented by information from family informants, previous psychiatrists, and medical records to generate a diagnosis
• Women will need to be taking a stable dose of antipsychotic regimen for at least two months and are considered to have stable symptoms by the treating psychiatrist. This regimen must include any form of risperidone or paliperidone.
• All women will have a prolactin level > 24 ng/ml (either identified at screening or from the past 6 weeks in the medical record)
• All women will have evidence of a prolactin related hormonal side effect (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea or galactorrhea). This will be determined by patient report/history and medical record/clinician interview. Oligomenorrhea is defined as infrequent, irregularly timed episodic bleeding occurring at intervals of more than 35 days from the previous menstrual cycle and amenorrhea is defined as absence of menstruation for three menstrual cycles or 6 months (Berek et al. 2002). Galactorrhea is defined as lactation or copious milk secretion.
• Subjects must be judged competent to participate in the informed consent process and provide voluntary informed consent, by scoring a 10 out of 12 on the Evaluation to Sign Consent (ESC)

Exclusion criteria

• Postmenopausal women will be excluded. Since it may be difficult to determine menopause in patients with amenorrhea, any women more than 45 years will be assessed for menopausal symptoms such as but not limited to or by: hot flushes, depression, excitability and fatigue. A medical doctor will advise on the menopausal status.
• Patients with a history of a pituitary tumor (microadenoma, macroadenoma, neoplasm) will not be included in the study. Previous medical records will be obtained if possible to examine prolactin levels and medical histories.
• Subjects with documented Cushing's disease, or who are pregnant or currently lactating post pregnancy will be excluded.
• Subjects who meet DSM-IV TR criteria for alcohol or substance abuse within the last month are excluded. Subjects with nicotine use or dependence will not be excluded.
• Medications which may increase prolactin or cause sexual dysfunction, including: metoclopramide, methyldopa, reserpine, amoxapine, droperidol, prochlorperazine, promethazine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide, There are many medications that may affect sexual function (not hormonal side effects) unrelated to dopamine transmission. These are only permitted as long as the subject has been receiving them for greater than 4 weeks (SSRIs, mood stabilizers, diuretics, antihypertensives, H2antagonists, bupropion). We allow these medications to enhance generalizability