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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07684729

Does Traditional Archery Training Enhance Psychological Abilities?

This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-week traditional archery training program on sport imagery ability and problem-solving skills in healthy university students. Participants without previous archery experience were randomly allocated into either a traditional archery training group or a non-exercising control group. Psychological outcomes were evaluated before and after the intervention using validated questionnaires.

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy Volunteers Problem Solving Psychological Skills Sport Imagery

Age range

18 year–25 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Gumushane Üniversity

Gümüşhane, Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane, 29600, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

The study was designed as a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest controlled trial.

Healthy university students aged 18-23 years without previous archery experience were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either:

Traditional Archery Training group Control group

The intervention lasted 12 weeks.

Training was performed:

2 sessions/week 2 hours/session

Total training time:

48 hours

The first six weeks focused primarily on basic draw practice.

The last six weeks included

basic draw shooting practice archery games

Primary outcomes included:

Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) Problem Solving Inventory (PSI)

Measurements were obtained before and after the intervention.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Healthy university students
  • Age between 18 and 25 years
  • Male or female
  • No previous archery experience
  • No participation in regular physical activity during the intervention
  • Written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

  • Previous archery experience
  • Participation in any structured exercise during the intervention
  • Any medical condition preventing participation
  • Withdrawal from the study
  • Receiving physical therapy during the intervention

Treatment and study plan

Traditional Archery Training (TAT)

Behavioral

Participants completed a structured 12-week traditional archery training program consisting of basic draw exercises, thumb draw practice, shooting practice, and archery games under supervision.

Primary outcomes

  1. Sport Imagery Ability

    Time frame: Week 12

    Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) consists of 15 items on a 7-point Likert scale and is evaluated by the average of the sub-dimensions (Skill, Strategy, Goal, Emotion, Mastery) or the overall average (between 1 and 7). A score range of 5.01-7.00 indicates high imagery ability, while a score range of 1.00-3.00 indicates low ability.

  2. Problem Solving Ability

    Time frame: Week 12

    The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) measures individuals' problem-solving skills and attitudes using a 32-item self-report scale; a total score between 32 and 192 indicates high skill, while a high score indicates low skill (less effective strategy). The assessment is based on high ability (32-80), moderate ability (81-140), and low ability (141-192) ranges.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Skill Imagery (SIAQ)

    Time frame: 12 Week

    The Skill Imagery (SIAQ) subscale is scored on a 7-point Likert scale, averaging the scores of 3 items (3, 8, 12) to obtain a score between 1.00 and 7.00, with higher scores indicating better visualization ability. This measure classifies skill level according to score ranges of 5.01-7.00 (High), 3.01-5.00 (Medium), and 1.00-3.00 (Low).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Gümüşhane Universıty

Other

Collaborators

  • Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University

Registry information

Acronym: TAT and PA

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Jul 6, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 6, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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