Does Reducing Spasticity Permit an Increase in Strength?

Reduction of spasticity has been a major focus of the treatment of childhood cerebral palsy, resulting in numerous treatment strategies that target various parts of the motor system. However, in many children weakness may be a greater contributor to disability than spasticity. Recent results suggest a correlation between spasticity and weakness, but it is not known if reduction of spasticity can improve strength.

We suggest a simplified model in which spinal mechanisms (including reflex contributions to spasticity) and supraspinal mechanisms (including voluntary contributions to strength) combine to activate muscle. The model implies that the supraspinal contribution cannot increase unless the spinal contribution decreases. We therefore hypothesize that reduction of spasticity improves the ability to increase voluntary strength.

We propose a double-masked placebo-controlled clinical trial combining treatment using the oral anti-spasticity medication baclofen with a 6-week program of strength training. We will enroll 20 ambulatory children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Prior to and following the intervention, we will obtain quantitative measures of spasticity, strength, and gait. We predict that the children taking baclofen will have a greater increase in strength than the children taking placebo. We predict that the increase in strength will be reflected in improved performance on gait analysis, and it will correlate with a reduction in quantitative measures of spasticity and spinal reflex excitability.

If the hypothesis is correct, it will provide important new information on the relationship between spasticity and strength in children with cerebral palsy. It will provide the first measurements of the effect of baclofen on voluntary muscle activation in children. It will support the short-term use of combined anti-spasticity medication and strengthening as a new clinical treatment for ankle weakness in children with spastic diplegia. A successful result will have immediate and significant implications for treatment of children with cerebral palsy.

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Key information

Conditions

Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy Brain Damage, Chronic Brain Diseases Central Nervous System Diseases Cerebral Palsy Nervous System Diseases

Age range

5 year–18 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Phase 2

Primary location

Stanford University

Stanford, California, 94305-5235, United States

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

1. Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy 2. Spasticity at extensor muscle groups of one or both ankles according to the definition of the Task Force on Childhood Motor Disorders, and as evidenced by the presence of a spastic catch or velocity-dependent hypertonia on rapid passive muscle lengthening while the subject attempts to maintain a relaxed state 3. Ambulatory without assistive devices 4. Sufficient ability to follow instructions to be able to comply with the strengthening program and strength testing

Exclusion criteria

1. Contracture at the ankle, or a limitation of the passive range of motion such that neutral position is not achievable with the knee extended.

Hypersensitivity or allergy to Baclofen or related medications, or any medical condition that would be expected to increase the risks of this study 3. Respiratory difficulty due to weakness, restrictive lung disease, obstructive lung disease, tracheomalacia, or laryngeal weakness 4. Renal failure or chronic kidney disease 5. Pregnancy or planned pregnancy (sexually active girls will be asked to take a urine pregnancy test prior to study entry) 6. Difficulty maintaining head position while standing or seated 7. Current use of other anti-spasticity agents, including valium, tizanidine, clonidine, dantrolene, or similar agents 8. Use of oral baclofen within 3 months prior to study entry 9. Injection of botulinum toxin into the calf muscles within 3 months prior to study entry 10. Prior implantation of a baclofen pump or deep-brain stimulator 11. Seizure within previous two years 12. Lower extremity dystonia 13. Bradykinesia or evidence of parkinsonism 14. Spinal cord injury 15. Neurodegenerative disease 16. Ankle, foot, lower leg, or Achilles tendon surgery within the previous year 17. Dorsal rhizotomy or neurotomy

Treatment and study plan

Baclofen

Drug

Primary outcomes

Maximal Voluntary Contraction

Secondary outcomes

H reflex

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Southern California

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start: 2005
Study completion: 2006
First posted: Nov 17, 2005
Registry last updated: May 23, 2014

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

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This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.

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