Does Protein and Fat Content of Meal Increase Glucose Concentrations

In this single center, crossover, randomized, controlled study, control meal (SM: standard meal using carbohydrate counting method) and three test meals (HPM: high protein meal using carbohydrate counting method, HPFM-a: high protein-fat meal using carbohydrate counting method and HPFM-b: high protein-fat meal using carbohydrate and fat-protein counting method) were compared on postprandial early (0-120 minutes), late (120-240 minutes) and total (0-240 minutes) glucose response.

Inclusion criteria

Subjects:

• had Type1 Diabetes for at least 1 years;
• use multiple dose (basal-bolus) insulin therapy;
• use fast-acting insulin analogs (lispro, glulisine, and aspart) and basal insulin analogs (detemir, glargine);
• daily inslin dose ≥0.5 IU/kg/day.

Exclusion criteria

Subjects:

• had any restrictive food intake disorders (eg celiac disease or food allergy);
• had any diabetes complications (eg neuropathy, nephropathy or retinopathy);
• diagnosed for <1 year;
• were using corticosteroid or any medication that could effect gastric emptying;
• did exercise or had hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis within 24 hour before the test meals;
• had overweight or obese (BMI z score: ≥ 1SD and ≥ 2SD respectively);
• had not on follicular or peri-ovulatory phases of their menstrual cycles (for females).