Diuretic Tuner Clinical Decision Support

Study Population: 30 subjects with signs of hypervolemia and either nephrotic syndrome or chronic kidney disease 4 to 5.

Study Intervention: This is a nonrandomized, uncontrolled trial. The Diuretic Tuner mobile device application will be deployed in the care of hypervolemic subjects as defined in the study population. The Diuretic Tuner will integrate each subject's estimated dry weight and starting diuretic dose (both defined by healthcare provider) with daily weights and blood pressures to provide individualized guidance to the subject in day-to-day adjustments to his or her diuretic regimen. In addition, the application will generate a diary of daily weights, blood pressures, fluid intake, and medication compliance. There will be no control arm as this first phase is to test feasibility/safety.

Study Outcome Measures: The primary outcomes of interest will focus on the achievement of the provider-defined estimated dry weight (both the time to achieving this target as well as the subsequent stability in weights around this target). Secondary outcomes of interest include safety metrics (3-month hospitalization rates, rates of hypokalemia, and rates of acute kidney injury) and tool usability (assessed through surveys evaluating ease of comprehension and satisfaction).

Inclusion criteria

• The presence of nephrotic range proteinuria (> 3 g/d proteinuria by 24hr urine protein, 24hr urine albumin, spot urine protein/creatinine ratio, or spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio) or stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation) PLUS
• Clinical signs of hypervolemia present (lower extremity edema, ascites, or pleural effusions) with an estimated dry weight (defined as edema-free weight without orthostatic hypotension) 5 lbs less than enrollment body weight

Exclusion criteria

• Weight < 100 lbs or > 300 lbs.
• Autonomic insufficiency resulting in orthostatic hypotension at screening
• Hypokalemia at enrollment (defined as serum potassium < 3.5 mmol/L)
• Moderate to severe hyponatremia at enrollment (defined as serum sodium < 130 mmol/L)
• Serum creatinine > 6 mg/dL or > 1.5 times baseline
• Patients who are unable or unwilling to measure their home blood pressures and weights
• Patients without a working phone number and smart phone device
• Expectation that the patient will require dialysis initiation within < 3 months
• Expected lifespan of < 6 months
• The presence of a medical condition that would interfere with effectively using the Diuretic Tuner (dementia, illiteracy, or blindness)
• Pregnant patients
• Prisoners