Dispersion Stability

Inclusion criteria

• Patients 18 years of age or older candidates with Persistent or long-standing persistent AF with documentation of (ECG, Holter, physician's letter):

• AF duration of ≥ 3 months and ≤ 5 years or
• 1 effective cardioversion followed by AF recurrence lasting ≥ 3 months
• Continuous anticoagulation with warfarin (INR 2-3) or NOAC for > 4 weeks prior to ablation
• Patients must be able and willing to provide written informed consent to participate in the clinical trial
• Maximum of 50% of patients (13 patients) in persistent AF < 12 months (>30% of long-standing persistent AF ≥ 12 months)
• Being affiliated to a social security scheme or beneficiary of such a scheme

Exclusion criteria

• Paroxysmal and short-standing persistent AF < 3 months
• Severe obesity (BMI > 45)
• LA thrombus on Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) prior to procedure
• Contraindications to anticoagulation (heparin, warfarin or NOAC)
• Patients who are or may potentially be pregnant
• Any cardiac surgery within the past 2 months (60 days) (includes PCI)
• Myocardial infarction within the past 2 months (60 days)
• History of blood clotting or bleeding abnormalities
• Documented thromboembolic event (including TIA) within the past 12 months (365 days)
• Awaiting cardiac transplantation or other cardiac surgery within the next 12 months (365 days)
• Unstable angina within the past month
• Acute illness or active systemic infection or sepsis (including COVID 19)
• Enrollment in an investigational study evaluating another device, biologic, or drug
• Presence of intramural thrombus, tumor or other abnormality or condition that precludes vascular access, or manipulation of the catheter
• Life expectancy or other disease processes likely to limit survival to less than 12 monthsLife expectancy or other disease processes likely to limit survival to less than 12 months
• Acute Covid-19 infection (fever and/or biological inflammatory syndrome, and positive test documented)
• Patient protected (guardianship or curatorship), or deprived of liberty by a judicial or administrative decision;
• Person subject to a safeguard measure.