Digital Occlusal Analysis and Enamel Wear Assessment in Temporomandibular Disorder Patients Treated with Fully Digital Versus Conventional Stabilization Splints

This randomized controlled clinical trial investigates the effectiveness of fully digitally fabricated stabilization splints (FD-SS) versus conventionally manufactured stabilization splints (C-SS) in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The study focuses on two primary outcomes: digital occlusal analysis and enamel wear assessment over a 6-month period.

Participants are TMD patients aged 18-40 with stable jaw relations and intact dentition, randomly assigned (1:1) to the FD-SS or C-SS group. Digital occlusal analysis is performed using OccluSense technology, which captures bite force distribution and contact points dynamically and statically. Enamel wear is assessed quantitatively using an intraoral scanner paired with Geomagic Control X 3D software for surface matching analysis. Baseline and follow-up STL datasets are compared to quantify volumetric enamel loss with micrometer precision.

In the FD-SS group, fully digital stabilization splints are fabricated using a digital workflow that includes intraoral scanning, jaw tracking with Zebris JMA devices, and CAD/CAM design in Exocad software. Splints are manufactured using 3D printing technology. In the C-SS group, conventional splints are fabricated using alginate impressions, plaster casts, and manual adjustments on a semi-adjustable articulator.

This study aims to advance the understanding of digital technologies in managing TMD, providing evidence for their efficacy in improving occlusal balance and minimizing enamel wear.

Inclusion criteria

• 18-40 years old
• complete dentition
• intact tooth
• no occlusal disorder
• stable jaw relation
• No ongoing dental therapy, such as orthodontic or prosthodontics treatment.

Exclusion criteria

• pregnant/lactating women
• temporomandibular joint lesions found on clinical palpation or medical imaging examination
• dentoalveolar pathology or ongoing treatment related to TMD
• jaw opening less than 3 fingers
• patients with occlusal dysfunctions
• Patients with severe or moderate periodontitis.
• Unable to undergo examination or treatment due to the presence of a psychological or mental disorder.
• Severe jaw functional limitations.
• Removable dentures or partially dentate patients
• Trauma of recent date towards face, head or neck