Diagnostic Accuracy of ONSD, ODE, and the Crescent Sign

All participants presenting to the ED with various symptoms and undergoing cranial CT or MRI for the diagnosis of cranial pathologies who do not meet the exclusion criteria will be included in the study. Informed consent will be obtained from all patients prior to the study. For participants included in the study, the presence of ONSD, ODE, and the crescent sign will be assessed using bedside ultrasound, and the diagnostic value of these findings will be evaluated. The bedside ultrasound will form part of the critical area examination in the emergency department; it will incur no cost to the institution and will be performed and assessed by an emergency medicine specialist and their assistant.

Inclusion criteria

• All patients presenting at the ED with any symptoms, who have undergone a cranial CT or cranial MRI for the diagnosis of cranial pathologies, and who do not meet the exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

• Patients under the age of 18
• Patients who have not undergone a cranial CT or cranial MRI
• Patients with orbital injuries
• Patients in whom ultrasonographic measurements cannot be performed
• Patients brought to ED following a cardiac arrest
• Patients who do not consent to diagnosis and treatment of their own volition