Diabetes Prevention for Mexican Americans

A1C, an indicator of long-term glucose control, is measured as the percentage of red blood cells that are glycosylated (have a glucose molecule connected) and is analyzed onsite using a point-of-care device (Siemens DCA Vantage Analyzer, Malvern, PA).

A1C, an indicator of long-term glucose control, is measured as the percentage of red blood cells that are glycosylated (have a glucose molecule connected) and is analyzed onsite using a point-of-care device (Siemens DCA Vantage Analyzer, Malvern, PA).

A1C, an indicator of long-term glucose control, is measured as the percentage of red blood cells that are glycosylated (have a glucose molecule connected) and is analyzed onsite using a point-of-care device (Siemens DCA Vantage Analyzer, Malvern, PA).

A1C, an indicator of long-term glucose control, is measured as the percentage of red blood cells that are glycosylated (have a glucose molecule connected) and is analyzed onsite using a point-of-care device (Siemens DCA Vantage Analyzer, Malvern, PA).

A1C, an indicator of long-term glucose control, is measured as the percentage of red blood cells that are glycosylated (have a glucose molecule connected) and is analyzed onsite using a point-of-care device (Siemens DCA Vantage Analyzer, Malvern, PA).

Body weights are measured with a balance beam scale with individuals in street clothing and without shoes. Heights are obtained using a secured stadiometer. BMI is calculated (weight(kg)/height/meters^2).

Body weights are measured with a balance beam scale with individuals in street clothing and without shoes. Heights are obtained using a secured stadiometer. BMI is calculated (weight(kg)/height/meters^2).

Body weights are measured with a balance beam scale with individuals in street clothing and without shoes. Heights are obtained using a secured stadiometer. BMI is calculated (weight(kg)/height/meters^2).

Body weights are measured with a balance beam scale with individuals in street clothing and without shoes. Heights are obtained using a secured stadiometer. BMI is calculated (weight(kg)/height/meters^2).

Body weights are measured with a balance beam scale with individuals in street clothing and without shoes. Heights are obtained using a secured stadiometer. BMI is calculated (weight(kg)/height/meters^2).

Measured with 1 item developed by the research team. The participants respond to the following statement -- "In general, my well being is..." Item responses range from 1-7, with 7 indicating as good as it possibly could be and 1 indicating as bad as it possibly could be. The item employs a 1-7 Likert-type scale with higher numbers indicating a more favorable perceived quality of life.

Measured with 1 item developed by the research team. The participants respond to the following statement -- "In general, my well being is..." Item responses range from 1-7, with 7 indicating as good as it possibly could be and 1 indicating as bad as it possibly could be. The item employs a 1-7 Likert-type scale with higher numbers indicating a more favorable perceived quality of life.

Measured with 1 item developed by the research team. The participants respond to the following statement -- "In general, my well being is..." Item responses range from 1-7, with 7 indicating as good as it possibly could be and 1 indicating as bad as it possibly could be. The item employs a 1-7 Likert-type scale with higher numbers indicating a more favorable perceived quality of life.

Measured with 1 item developed by the research team. The participants respond to the following statement -- "In general, my well being is..." Item responses range from 1-7, with 7 indicating as good as it possibly could be and 1 indicating as bad as it possibly could be. The item employs a 1-7 Likert-type scale with higher numbers indicating a more favorable perceived quality of life.

The Food Frequency Questionnaire for Starr County Studies lists 106 specific food items. The participants indicate the frequency a specific food item, including cultural foods, was eaten during the past month, as well as the portion size. For example, for the item "Cheetos," the respondent answers "yes" or "no" regarding whether the item was eaten during the past month. If "yes," then the individual is asked how many times and then asked to estimate portion size using food models available during the administration of the questionnaire. Special software enables converting frequency data to raw intake as well as nutrient densities for analysis. Macro- and micro-nutrients that will be quantified are: total caloric intake, protein, fat, saturated fat, mono-unsaturated fat, poly-unsaturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate intake, vitamins A, and E, carotene, calcium, and iron.

The Food Frequency Questionnaire for Starr County Studies lists 106 specific food items. The participants indicate the frequency a specific food item, including cultural foods, was eaten during the past month, as well as the portion size. For example, for the item "Cheetos," the respondent answers "yes" or "no" regarding whether the item was eaten during the past month. If "yes," then the individual is asked how many times and then asked to estimate portion size using food models available during the administration of the questionnaire. Special software enables converting frequency data to raw intake as well as nutrient densities for analysis. Macro- and micro-nutrients that will be quantified are: total caloric intake, protein, fat, saturated fat, mono-unsaturated fat, poly-unsaturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate intake, vitamins A, and E, carotene, calcium, and iron.

The Food Frequency Questionnaire for Starr County Studies lists 106 specific food items. The participants indicate the frequency a specific food item, including cultural foods, was eaten during the past month, as well as the portion size. For example, for the item "Cheetos," the respondent answers "yes" or "no" regarding whether the item was eaten during the past month. If "yes," then the individual is asked how many times and then asked to estimate portion size using food models available during the administration of the questionnaire. Special software enables converting frequency data to raw intake as well as nutrient densities for analysis. Macro- and micro-nutrients that will be quantified are: total caloric intake, protein, fat, saturated fat, mono-unsaturated fat, poly-unsaturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate intake, vitamins A, and E, carotene, calcium, and iron.

The Saturated Fat/Cholesterol Avoidance Scale is a brief 7-item scale that collects information on intake and use of saturated fat in the diet during the previous month. A major emphasis in the diet instruction is how to reduce lard when preparing Mexican-American recipes. Questions on the Scale are specific to Mexican-American foods, e.g., "When you eat refried beans, what type of fat are they made with?" The Scale is a brief 7-item scale and item responses range from 1 to 4, representing never to always. Higher scores reflect higher intake of high-fat foods.

The Saturated Fat/Cholesterol Avoidance Scale is a brief 7-item scale that collects information on intake and use of saturated fat in the diet during the previous month. A major emphasis in the diet instruction is how to reduce lard when preparing Mexican-American recipes. Questions on the Scale are specific to Mexican-American foods, e.g., "When you eat refried beans, what type of fat are they made with?" The Scale is a brief 7-item scale and item responses range from 1 to 4, representing never to always. Higher scores reflect higher intake of high-fat foods.

The Saturated Fat/Cholesterol Avoidance Scale is a brief 7-item scale that collects information on intake and use of saturated fat in the diet during the previous month. A major emphasis in the diet instruction is how to reduce lard when preparing Mexican-American recipes. Questions on the Scale are specific to Mexican-American foods, e.g., "When you eat refried beans, what type of fat are they made with?" The Scale is a brief 7-item scale and item responses range from 1 to 4, representing never to always. Higher scores reflect higher intake of high-fat foods.

The Saturated Fat/Cholesterol Avoidance Scale is a brief 7-item scale that collects information on intake and use of saturated fat in the diet during the previous month. A major emphasis in the diet instruction is how to reduce lard when preparing Mexican-American recipes. Questions on the Scale are specific to Mexican-American foods, e.g., "When you eat refried beans, what type of fat are they made with?" The Scale is a brief 7-item scale and item responses range from 1 to 4, representing never to always. Higher scores reflect higher intake of high-fat foods.

The Saturated Fat/Cholesterol Avoidance Scale is a brief 7-item scale that collects information on intake and use of saturated fat in the diet during the previous month. A major emphasis in the diet instruction is how to reduce lard when preparing Mexican-American recipes. Questions on the Scale are specific to Mexican-American foods, e.g., "When you eat refried beans, what type of fat are they made with?" The Scale is a brief 7-item scale and item responses range from 1 to 4, representing never to always. Higher scores reflect higher intake of high-fat foods.

Each participant in the experimental group receives a free Fitbit activity tracker to monitor daily steps. An individual walking prescription is negotiated with each participant, with the general goal of individuals walking 10,000 steps per day. Walking data are automatically downloaded into secured software (Fitabase) for tracking.

Each participant in the experimental group receives a free Fitbit activity tracker to monitor daily steps. An individual walking prescription is negotiated with each participant, with the general goal of individuals walking 10,000 steps per day. Walking data are automatically downloaded into secured software (Fitabase) for tracking.

Each participant in the experimental group receives a free Fitbit activity tracker to monitor daily steps. An individual walking prescription is negotiated with each participant, with the general goal of individuals walking 10,000 steps per day. Walking data are automatically downloaded into secured software (Fitabase) for tracking.

Each participant in the experimental group receives a free Fitbit activity tracker to monitor daily steps. An individual walking prescription is negotiated with each participant, with the general goal of individuals walking 10,000 steps per day. Walking data are automatically downloaded into secured software (Fitabase) for tracking.

Each participant in the experimental group receives a free Fitbit activity tracker to monitor daily steps. An individual walking prescription is negotiated with each participant, with the general goal of individuals walking 10,000 steps per day. Walking data are automatically downloaded into secured software (Fitabase) for tracking.

The Health Beliefs: Barriers questionnaire is a subscale from the health belief instrument adapted from the Givens & Givens Health Belief Scale. The instrument focuses on the barriers to following a prescribed diet. The instrument is a 12-item questionnaire and involves a Likert-type scale of 1-5; total scores range from 12 to 60 with higher scores indicating more barriers.

The Health Beliefs: Barriers questionnaire is a subscale from the health belief instrument adapted from the Givens & Givens Health Belief Scale. The instrument focuses on the barriers to following a prescribed diet. The instrument is a 12-item questionnaire and involves a Likert-type scale of 1-5; total scores range from 12 to 60 with higher scores indicating more barriers.

The Health Beliefs: Barriers questionnaire is a subscale from the health belief instrument adapted from the Givens & Givens Health Belief Scale. The instrument focuses on the barriers to following a prescribed diet. The instrument is a 12-item questionnaire and involves a Likert-type scale of 1-5; total scores range from 12 to 60 with higher scores indicating more barriers.

The Health Beliefs: Barriers questionnaire is a subscale from the health belief instrument adapted from the Givens & Givens Health Belief Scale. The instrument focuses on the barriers to following a prescribed diet. The instrument is a 12-item questionnaire and involves a Likert-type scale of 1-5; total scores range from 12 to 60 with higher scores indicating more barriers.

The Health Beliefs: Barriers questionnaire is a subscale from the health belief instrument adapted from the Givens & Givens Health Belief Scale. The instrument focuses on the barriers to following a prescribed diet. The instrument is a 12-item questionnaire and involves a Likert-type scale of 1-5; total scores range from 12 to 60 with higher scores indicating more barriers.

Standard procedures for measuring cholesterol include the use of the Monotest Cholesterol procedure. The test is adapted to automatic analysis using the Hitachi 911 analyzer, a totally self-contained computerized, programmable, fully automated chemistry analyzer.

Standard procedures for measuring cholesterol include the use of the Monotest Cholesterol procedure. The test is adapted to automatic analysis using the Hitachi 911 analyzer, a totally self-contained computerized, programmable, fully automated chemistry analyzer.

Standard procedures for measuring cholesterol include the use of the Monotest Cholesterol procedure. The test is adapted to automatic analysis using the Hitachi 911 analyzer, a totally self-contained computerized, programmable, fully automated chemistry analyzer.

Standard procedures for measuring triglycerides include the GPO Triglyceride procedure of Boehringer Mannheim. The test is adapted to automatic analysis using the Hitachi 911 analyzer. The Hitachi 911 analyzer is a totally self-contained computerized, programmable, fully automated chemistry analyzer.

Standard procedures for measuring triglycerides include the GPO Triglyceride procedure of Boehringer Mannheim. The test is adapted to automatic analysis using the Hitachi 911 analyzer. The Hitachi 911 analyzer is a totally self-contained computerized, programmable, fully automated chemistry analyzer.

Standard procedures for measuring triglycerides include the GPO Triglyceride procedure of Boehringer Mannheim. The test is adapted to automatic analysis using the Hitachi 911 analyzer. The Hitachi 911 analyzer is a totally self-contained computerized, programmable, fully automated chemistry analyzer.

A simplified 2-hour OGTT is used with blood collection while fasting and 120 minutes following a 75-gram liquid glucose challenge. These procedures enable classification of prediabetes and diabetes according to all current recommendations.

A simplified 2-hour OGTT is used with blood collection while fasting and 120 minutes following a 75-gram liquid glucose challenge. These procedures enable classification of prediabetes and diabetes according to all current recommendations.

A simplified 2-hour OGTT is used with blood collection while fasting and 120 minutes following a 75-gram liquid glucose challenge. These procedures enable classification of prediabetes and diabetes according to all current recommendations.

Blood pressure readings are taken using an automated device (Critikon Dinamap, Tampa, FL) following 5 minutes of sitting quietly. Measures of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures involve averaging the second and third measures.

Blood pressure readings are taken using an automated device (Critikon Dinamap, Tampa, FL) following 5 minutes of sitting quietly. Measures of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures involve averaging the second and third measures.

Blood pressure readings are taken using an automated device (Critikon Dinamap, Tampa, FL) following 5 minutes of sitting quietly. Measures of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures involve averaging the second and third measures.

Blood pressure readings are taken using an automated device (Critikon Dinamap, Tampa, FL) following 5 minutes of sitting quietly. Measures of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures involve averaging the second and third measures.

Blood pressure readings are taken using an automated device (Critikon Dinamap, Tampa, FL) following 5 minutes of sitting quietly. Measures of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures involve averaging the second and third measures.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a brief, 9-item instrument to screen for depression. It employs a 0 to 3 scale: not at all, several days, more than half the days, and nearly every day. A composite score of 5-9 indicates mild depression; 10-14 moderate depression; 15-19 moderately severe depression; and 20-17 severe depression.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a brief, 9-item instrument to screen for depression. It employs a 0 to 3 scale: not at all, several days, more than half the days, and nearly every day. A composite score of 5-9 indicates mild depression; 10-14 moderate depression; 15-19 moderately severe depression; and 20-17 severe depression.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a brief, 9-item instrument to screen for depression. It employs a 0 to 3 scale: not at all, several days, more than half the days, and nearly every day. A composite score of 5-9 indicates mild depression; 10-14 moderate depression; 15-19 moderately severe depression; and 20-17 severe depression.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a brief, 9-item instrument to screen for depression. It employs a 0 to 3 scale: not at all, several days, more than half the days, and nearly every day. A composite score of 5-9 indicates mild depression; 10-14 moderate depression; 15-19 moderately severe depression; and 20-17 severe depression.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a brief, 9-item instrument to screen for depression. It employs a 0 to 3 scale: not at all, several days, more than half the days, and nearly every day. A composite score of 5-9 indicates mild depression; 10-14 moderate depression; 15-19 moderately severe depression; and 20-17 severe depression.

The Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, an 8-item instrument, measures how confident (or certain) one is that he/she will be able to resist overeating in a number of difficult situations, such as in social settings or watching TV. The scale is a Likert-type scale of 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). Total scores range from 0-80 and higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy.

The Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, an 8-item instrument, measures how confident (or certain) one is that he/she will be able to resist overeating in a number of difficult situations, such as in social settings or watching TV. The scale is a Likert-type scale of 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). Total scores range from 0-80 and higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy.

The Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, an 8-item instrument, measures how confident (or certain) one is that he/she will be able to resist overeating in a number of difficult situations, such as in social settings or watching TV. The scale is a Likert-type scale of 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). Total scores range from 0-80 and higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy.

The Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, an 8-item instrument, measures how confident (or certain) one is that he/she will be able to resist overeating in a number of difficult situations, such as in social settings or watching TV. The scale is a Likert-type scale of 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). Total scores range from 0-80 and higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy.

The Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, an 8-item instrument, measures how confident (or certain) one is that he/she will be able to resist overeating in a number of difficult situations, such as in social settings or watching TV. The scale is a Likert-type scale of 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). Total scores range from 0-80 and higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy.

To measure perceived stress, the NIH PROMIS questionnaire on perceived stress was added to the data collection plan. The instrument is a 10-item scale and each item is rated as 1 (never) to 5 (very often). Total scores range from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived stress.

To measure perceived stress, the NIH PROMIS questionnaire on perceived stress was added to the data collection plan. The instrument is a 10-item scale and each item is rated as 1 (never) to 5 (very often). Total scores range from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived stress.

To measure perceived stress, the NIH PROMIS questionnaire on perceived stress was added to the data collection plan. The instrument is a 10-item scale and each item is rated as 1 (never) to 5 (very often). Total scores range from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived stress.

To measure participant satisfaction with the augmented text messaging revision to the intervention (in response to COVID-19 restrictions), the investigators developed a brief guide for follow-up phone interviews. Five questions are asked regarding changes in health, messages they remember from the video(s), questions they may have, preferences (text messages vs. in-person group sessions), and willingness to continue receiving future text messages.