Development of Microbial Metabolism Gene Tests for Facilitating Precision Health and Preventive Medicine-Evaluation of TMAO Production in Human Body From High-carnitine Diet by Fecal Gbu Gene Testing

The risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to the consumption of red meat varies among individuals, and this may be attributed to differences in the composition and function of gut microbiota. Studies have found that red meat, rich in L-carnitine, may be metabolized by certain anaerobic bacteria in the intestines to produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the human body. Previous research utilizing the oral carnitine challenge test (OCCT) revealed that not everyone experiences a significant increase in blood TMAO levels after consuming carnitine. Moreover, individuals with high TMAO production and low TMAO production showed distinct differences in their gut microbiota.

Furthermore, we have discovered a significant correlation between the abundance of the gbu gene in gut microbiota and the production of TMAO in response to dietary carnitine intake. Therefore, through the design of clinical research, we aim to investigate and assess whether the abundance of the gbu gene in gut microbiota can predict the levels of TMAO produced in the human body under a large amount of red meat consumption.

Inclusion criteria

• Adult with age between 18 to 70
• Willing and capable of intaking a large amount of beef

Exclusion criteria

• Antibiotics use within one month
• L-carnitine supplement use within one month
• Chronic diarrhea
• Myasthenia gravis
• Parathyroid disorders
• Chronic kidney disease
• Epilepsy
• Severe anemia
• Severe cardiovascular diseases.