Development and Application of Precision Treatment Strategies for Common Mental Disorders

The outcome is assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS consists of 30 items, divided into three subscales: Positive Symptoms (7 items), Negative Symptoms (7 items), and General Psychopathology (16 items). Each item is rated on a 7-point scale from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme), with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. The total PANSS score ranges from 30 to 210, with higher scores reflecting greater symptom severity.

The outcome is assessed by 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) Scale. Total HAMD scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms.

The outcome is assessed by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The YMRS consists of 11 items that assess the severity of manic symptoms, including mood, speech, motor activity, sexual interest, sleep, and other behaviors. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater severity of manic symptoms. The total YMRS score can range from 0 to 44, with higher scores reflecting more severe mania.

The outcome is assessed by the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. The CGI consists of two main components: the CGI-Severity (CGI-S) and the CGI-Improvement (CGI-I).

CGI-Severity (CGI-S): This component rates the severity of the patient's illness on a 7-point scale, ranging from 1 (normal, not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients).

CGI-Improvement (CGI-I): This component evaluates the patient's improvement over time, also on a 7-point scale, ranging from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse).

The CGI scale provides an overall clinical assessment of the patient's condition, considering both the severity of illness and the degree of improvement.

The outcome is assessed by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). The MMAS is a self-reported scale used to assess a patient's adherence to prescribed medication regimens. It consists of 8 items that evaluate factors such as forgetfulness, understanding of medication instructions, and attitude toward treatment. The items are answered with "yes" or "no" responses, with higher scores indicating better medication adherence.

The MMAS is categorized as follows:

High adherence: score of 8 Medium adherence: score of 6-7 Low adherence: score of 0-5

The outcome is assessed by Plasma Drug Concentration. Blood drug levels of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers are measured to determine whether the concentrations fall within the therapeutic range for each respective medication. Therapeutic drug monitoring ensures that plasma drug levels are within the safe and effective range, avoiding both sub-therapeutic and potentially toxic concentrations. The concentration of each drug is compared to the recommended therapeutic window to assess if the patient is receiving an optimal dose.

The outcome is assessed by the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). The PSP is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess an individual's level of functioning in four key areas:

Socially useful activities (e.g., work, education, social relationships) Personal and social relationships (e.g., relationships with family, friends, and the community) Self-care (e.g., personal hygiene, ability to live independently) Disturbing and aggressive behavior (e.g., level of agitation or violence)

The PSP provides a global score ranging from 1 to 100, where lower scores indicate more severe dysfunction and higher scores indicate better social and personal performance. The total PSP score is classified as follows:

Score 91-100: Normal functioning Score 61-90: Mild functional impairment Score 31-60: Moderate functional impairment Score 1-30: Severe functional impairment

Laboratory tests (including complete blood count, liver and kidney function, prolactin levels, and electrocardiogram) were conducted at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the treatment duration. Safety was assessed using adverse event scales (e.g., TESS and SAS).