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Completed

NCT Number: NCT01393392

Developing a Smoking Cessation Intervention for Methadone Maintained Smokers

The purpose of this study is to pilot and evaluate, in a randomized controlled trial, the immediate and long-term effects of a newly developed, tailored, intensive smoking cessation intervention among methadone maintained smokers and compared to a control condition (facilitated referral to the NJ Quitline). The newly developed intervention is evidence based, addresses the unique needs of methadone maintained smokers, is intensive, can be tailored to the individual, and builds on the strengths as well as addresses the gaps in previous treatments for methadone maintained smokers.

The investigators hypothesize that: (1) three months and six months after beginning treatment, those in the tailored intervention condition will be more likely to be abstinent from smoking than those in the control intervention condition (primary outcome); (2) there will be a greater relapse rate in the control intervention condition between the three and six month follow-up points than in the tailored intervention condition; (3) three and six months after beginning treatment, those in the tailored intervention condition will have better secondary smoking related outcomes (smoked fewer cigarettes per day in the past week, be more ready to quit, have greater self-efficacy for quitting, experience less nicotine dependence, and be more likely to have made a quit attempt) than those in the control intervention condition; (4) three and six months after beginning treatment, those in the tailored intervention condition will have better utilization of and adherence to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, better mental and physical health, less perceived stress, greater social support, less drug and alcohol use, and greater involvement in drug and alcohol treatment than those in the control intervention condition; and (5) the newly created tailored intervention will be feasible and acceptable. .

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Key information

Conditions

Nicotine Dependence Behavior Chemically-Induced Disorders Health Behavior Mental Disorders Narcotic-Related Disorders Opiate Dependence Opioid-Related Disorders Smoking Cessation Substance-Related Disorders Tobacco Use Disorder

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Phase 1

Primary location

Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, United States

About this study

Most individuals in methadone maintenance treatment are tobacco smokers. Also, people in methadone treatment are more likely to experience the health issues related to smoking than the general population. Yet, research has found that smokers receiving methadone treatment are interested in quitting and receiving tobacco cessation treatment, and people in drug treatment who quit smoking are less likely to use drugs.

To better help methadone maintained smokers quit smoking and prevent them from starting smoking again, we want to evaluate the effects of a new smoking cessation counseling intervention, designed for methadone maintained smokers as compared to a smoking cessation counseling intervention used with the general population.

Eligible participants will:

  • Be English speaking (i.e., able to participate in counseling sessions in English and to complete study interviews in English);
  • Be enrolled in methadone treatment for at least three months;
  • Be able to give informed consent;
  • Be willing and able to participate in all study activities;
  • Not have taken smoking cessation related medication or participated in smoking cessation counseling in the past six months;
  • Have smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime and currently smoke every day or most days;
  • Not currently be pregnant or breastfeeding or plan on getting pregnant or breastfeeding during the next six months;
  • Have access to a working telephone; and,
  • Be interested in participating in a smoking cessation intervention and quitting smoking within the next six months.

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a smoking cessation intervention tailored for methadone maintained smokers or a referral to a smoking cessation program available to the general population (NJ Quitline). Participants assigned to receive the tailored intervention, will participate in approximately eight individual counseling sessions, with a smoking cessation counselor, over three months. Each session will last approximately 45 minutes and occur in the participant's methadone clinic. Treatment needs will be assessed during the first session and the intervention will be tailored to participants' needs. Prior to quitting participants will receive nicotine replacement patches and lozenges and instructions on how to use them.

Study staff will contact the NJ Quitline for participants assigned to the control condition, and a counselor from the Quitline will call them.

Regardless of treatment assignment, participants will be asked to provide a urine sample for a drug test and pregnancy test (for women) and complete an interview, using a computer or face-to-face, before beginning treatment or receiving the NJ Quitline referral and three months and six months after study enrollment.Each interview will take approximately 45 minutes to one hour to complete.

Participants will receive a $20 gift card for completing each research visit (i.e., computer or face-to-face interview), but will not be reimbursed for counseling visits.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Enrolled in methadone treatment for at least three months
  • Able to give informed consent
  • Willing and able to participate in all study activities
  • Smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime
  • Currently smoke every day or most days
  • Has access to a working telephone
  • Interested in participating in a smoking cessation intervention and quitting smoking within the next six months

Exclusion criteria

  • Unable to speak English fluently
  • Took smoking cessation related medication or participated in smoking cessation counseling in the past three months
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding or planning on becoming pregnant or breastfeeding during the next six months

Treatment and study plan

Intensive, tailored intervention

Behavioral

Eight, 45 minute counseling sessions, tailored to the individual and based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of behavior change. Incorporates motivational interviewing, education, cognitive-behavioral skills training. 12 week course of nicotine replacement patches provided. Nicotine lozenges also provided.

Other names: Smokers in Methadone Treatment Intervention, IMB Model Based Smoking Cessation Intervention

NJ Quitline Referral

Behavioral

Participants will receive a facilitated referral to the NJ Quitline (i.e. fax to quit).

Other names: Standard of Care Smoking Cessation Intervention, General Population Smoking Cessation Intervention

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants Who Experienced Seven-day Point Prevalence Smoking Abstinence

    Time frame: during the previous seven days at three months post baseline

    Self-reported not smoking "even a puff" within the previous seven days, and exhaled carbon monoxide reading of <8 parts per million.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Median Number of Cigarettes Participants Smoked Per Day During the Past Week

    Time frame: during the previous seven days at three months post baseline

    Self-reported, median number of cigarettes per day during the previous seven days

  2. Number of Participants Who Experienced Any Quit Attempts Since Baseline

    Time frame: During the period between baseline and three months post enrollment

    Self-reported, smoke free for 24 hours or more since baseline (yes/no)

  3. Number of Participants Who Experienced Seven-day Point Prevalence of Smoking Abstinence

    Time frame: during the previous seven days at six months post baseline

    Self-reported not smoking "even a puff" within the previous seven days, and exhaled carbon monoxide reading of <8 parts per million.

  4. Median Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day During the Past Week

    Time frame: during the previous seven days at six months post baseline

    Self-reported, median number of cigarettes per day during the previous seven days

  5. Number of Participants Who Experienced Any Quit Attempts Since Enrollment

    Time frame: during the period between baseline and six months post-enrollment

    Self-reported, smoke free for 24 hours or more since baseline (yes/no)

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Other

Collaborators

  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2011
Primary completion
2014
Study completion
2014
First posted
Jul 13, 2011
Registry last updated
Sep 6, 2018

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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