Determination of Factors Related With Daily Living Activities in Severe COPD

The LCADL Scale is going to used to assess dyspnea resulting from ADL . It consists of a total of 15 items within four domains: personal care (4 items), domestic (6 items), physical (2 items), and leisure (3 items). Each item is graded from 0 to 5 with higher scores indicating more difficulty performing ADL. The scale can be evaluated as total score, domain scores, and item scores. The maximum total score is 75. There is also a single question that assesses to what degree dyspnea perception affects daily life in general. This item is answered by selecting one of three responses: 'a lot', 'a little', or 'not at all'

Spirometer is performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines in Bezmialem University PFT Laboratory with Zan-100 spire (nSpire Health GmbH, Oberthulba, Germany). FVC (l), FEV₁(l), FEV1(%), FEV₁/FVC (%) were recorded.

This is the amount of air with pulmonary function test that the patient can force out of their lungs in one second.

This is the percentage of air with pulmonary function test that the patient can force out of their lungs in one second.

This is the greatest total amount of air patient can forcefully breathe out after breathing in as deeply as possible.

The FEV1/FVC ratio is a number that represents the percentage of patient lung capacity patient is able to exhale in one second.

Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) is going to measured using a mouth pressure meter (MicroRPM; MicroMedical, UK) according to the guideline of ATS and European Respiratory Society (ERS).

Functional capacity is going to assessed with the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) according to the guideline of ATS .

For the symptom burden of COPD, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is going to used. It consists of eight items, each presented as a semantic 6-point differential scale, providing a score out of 40 indicating the impact of the disease

It provides information about time spent on walking, moderate to severe activities. Time spent in sitting is considered as a separate question. The calculation of the total score of the short form includes the sum of walking, moderate intensity activity, and duration (minutes) and frequency (days) of intensive activity.

Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) is going to measured using a mouth pressure meter (MicroRPM; MicroMedical, UK) according to the guideline of ATS and European Respiratory Society (ERS).

For the assessment of quality of life, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is going to used. The SGRQ is a 76-item pulmonary disease-specific health related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaire with well-demonstrated reliability and validity in subjects with pulmonary diseases. The SGRQ results are grouped into 3 domains (symptoms, activity, and impacts) and a total score. Scores range from 0 to 100, with a lower score indicating better pulmonary-specific HRQL.

Anxiety and depression is going to assessed with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The HADS consists of seven items for anxiety (HADS-A) and seven items for depression (HADS-D). The items are scored on a four-point scale from zero (not present) to three (considerable)