Depressive Symptoms After Cardiac Surgery

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 will assess the severity of self-rated depressive symptoms over the last two weeks. It covers the nine Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) criteria for major depression, with symptoms rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. A score of 10 or higher corresponds to a diagnosis of depression, with 88 percent sensitivity and specificity.

As the best cut-off for post-CABG CSDS is difficult to determine a priori for a prediction model, a two complementary approaches for the analysis will be used, correcting for multiple tests when assessing the significance of the accuracy of the prediction model. One approach frames the prediction challenge as a binary classification problem and uses a PHQ-9 cut-off score ≥10 for defining the presence versus absence of CSDS.

The PHQ-9 will assess the severity of self-rated depressive symptoms over the last two weeks. It covers the nine DSM-5 criteria for major depression, with symptoms rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. A score of 10 or higher corresponds to a diagnosis of depression, with 88 percent sensitivity and specificity.

As the best cut-off for post-CABG CSDS is difficult to determine a priori for a prediction model, a two complementary approaches for the analysis will be used, correcting for multiple tests when assessing the significance of the accuracy of the prediction model. The second approach views the prediction challenge as a regression problem and tries to predict individual PHQ-9 scores without applying any threshold.

The General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 questionnaire will assess self-rated anxiety symptoms over the past two weeks. Seven items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21. A score of 10 or higher indicates moderate to severe anxiety, corresponding to a GAD diagnosis with 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity.

As the best cut-off for post-CABG GAD is difficult to determine a priori for a prediction model, a two complementary approaches for the analysis will be used, correcting for multiple tests when assessing the significance of the accuracy of the prediction model. One approach frames the prediction challenge as a binary classification problem and uses a GAD-7 cut-off score ≥10 for defining the presence versus absence of GAD.

The GAD-7 questionnaire will assess self-rated anxiety symptoms over the past two weeks. Seven items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21. A score of 10 or higher indicates moderate to severe anxiety, corresponding to a GAD diagnosis with 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity.

As the best cut-off for post-CABG GAD is difficult to determine a priori for a prediction model, a two complementary approaches for the analysis will be used, correcting for multiple tests when assessing the significance of the accuracy of the prediction model. The second approach views the prediction challenge as a regression problem and tries to predict individual GAD-7 scores without applying any threshold.

The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) will assess CABG surgery-induced posttraumatic stress. It is a 20-item self-report measure evaluating the DSM-5 PTSD symptoms over the past month. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with scores of 33 or higher indicating probable PTSD.

As the best cut-off for post-CABG PTSD is difficult to determine a priori for a prediction model, a two complementary approaches for the analysis will be used, correcting for multiple tests when assessing the significance of the accuracy of the prediction model. One approach frames the prediction challenge as a binary classification problem and uses a PCL-5 cut-off score ≥33 for defining the presence versus absence of PTSD.

The PCL-5 will assess CABG surgery-induced posttraumatic stress. It is a 20-item self-report measure evaluating the DSM-5 PTSD symptoms over the past month. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with scores of 33 or higher indicating probable PTSD.

As the best cut-off for post-CABG PTSD is difficult to determine a priori for a prediction model, a two complementary approaches for the analysis will be used, correcting for multiple tests when assessing the significance of the accuracy of the prediction model. The second approach views the prediction challenge as a regression problem and tries to predict individual PCL-5 scores without applying any threshold.

The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) will assess physical and mental health-related quality of life (QoL) over the last four weeks, covering aspects such as physical functioning, pain, vitality, social functioning, and mental health.

The SF-12 will assess physical and mental health-related quality of life (QoL) over the last four weeks, covering aspects such as physical functioning, pain, vitality, social functioning, and mental health.