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NCT Number: NCT07186270

Decoding the Interplay of Front-of-Pack Labels, Price, and Consumer Perceptions: Impact on Food Choices in Korea and Singapore

The global epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases has led to widespread use of front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labels. While existing research has established a link between FOP labels and consumer choices, the interplay between product types, consumer perceptions, and label effectiveness is underexplored. This study examines: 1) whether consumers perceive healthier food item as more expensive when healthiness is less obvious; 2) how FOP labels mediate the relationship among product characteristics, price, and consumer's belief about food healthiness and price on choices; and 3) whether food choice changes given a price, with and without FOP labels, are more prominent for products where the perceived healthiness by consumers significantly differs from label indications. The investigators will conduct experiments with online panelists in Korea and Singapore in two settings: restaurant menus and grocery items. Results will inform more impactful nutritional information policies for healthier food choices and improved population health.

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Key information

Age range

Up to 65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

About this study

The investigators will conduct experiments in both Korea and Singapore, focusing on two settings with various food items: restaurant menu choices and grocery item selections. For each item, investigators will elicit consumers' prior belief about its healthiness. Our research builds upon the work of Haws et al. (2017), which demonstrated that US consumers tend to overgeneralize their belief about "expensive=healthy" to product categories where it is not true. This tendency potentially biases perceptions of healthy foods. The investigators aim to test this "expensive=healthy" intuition and its impact on food choice, with and without FOP labels, in Asian contexts. The investigators hypothesize that absent FOP labels, consumers will infer healthiness from price information (i.e., this product is expensive, so it must be healthy) and that providing FOP labels will reduce the reliance on this inference. The investigators also hypothesize that such effects of FOP labels are more prominent for products where the perceived healthiness by consumers significantly differs from the healthiness indicated by the labels. When the FOP labels show 'less healthy' for those expensive and perceived as 'healthy' products, consumers will update their prior belief about its healthiness and be more likely to drop the intuition 'expensive=healthiness' in decision-making and respond to a greater extent.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged 18-65 years residing in Korea
  • Adults aged 21-65 years residing in Singapore

Treatment and study plan

Positively framed FOP labels (present versus absent) x Price (high versus low)

Behavioral

The intervention combines either a front-of-pack (FOP) label that frames high nutrition or no FOP label with price variation. Products are randomly assigned to either receive a positively-framed FOP label or no label, and to either a high or a low price.

This yields four experimental arms:

  • Positively framed FOP label with high price
  • Positively framed FOP label with low price
  • No label with high price
  • No label with low price

Graded FOP labels (no label vs. high rating (grade A) vs. low rating (grade D)) x Price (average vs. premium)

Behavioral

The intervention combines either a graded front-of-pack (FOP) labelling or no FOP labelling with price variation. Products are randomly assigned to either receive a graded label or no label, and to either a premium or an average price.

This yields six experimental arms:

  • High grade (A) with premium price
  • Low grade (D) with premium price
  • No label with premium price
  • High grade (A) with average price
  • Low grade (D) with average price
  • No label with average price

Primary outcomes

  1. Consumers behavior

    Time frame: Participants are expected to complete the online experiment in one sitting (within 24 hours). If they are disconnected from the survey platform, they are allowed up to two attempts to resume, with access to the platform disabled after 48 hours.

    Study 1: Participants achieve a response by choosing between two menu food items they would purchase for their co-worker in online experimental platform.

    Study 2: Participants rate their intention to purchase grocery items on a 7-point scale (1 = least likely, 7 = most likely) in online experimental platform.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Linh Nguyen

CONTACT

[email protected]

+6590786645

Soye Shin

CONTACT

[email protected]

+6566013319

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School

Other

Collaborators

  • Korea University
  • National University of Singapore

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Sep 22, 2025
Registry last updated
Sep 23, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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