DÉCISION+, a Continuous Professional Development Program to Improve Optimal Drug Prescription : a Feasibility Study

The Conseil du médicament du Québec defines optimal drug use as a "use that maximizes benefits and minimizes risks to population health by taking into account available options, costs and resources as well as patient values and social values". This definition appropriately recognizes the uncertainty surrounding the use of most drugs, i.e. there is often more than one good therapeutic option. The Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF) guides practitioners in assessing decision-making needs in clinical practice, providing support for client decision making, and evaluating the effectiveness of their interventions. DECISION+ is an innovative continuous professional development program for physicians, based on the principles of ODSF and Evidence-Based Medicine. It integrates multiple educational - behavioral change components that aim at promoting optimal shared decision making with respect to drug prescription. The investigators hypothesize that optimal shared decision making should result in optimized prescription behaviors by the physician and optimized drug use by the patient. The objective of this pilot clinical randomized trial of DECISION+ is to evaluate the feasibility of a larger randomized clinical trial, in order to determine the efficacy of the program to promote optimal shared decision making in regards to drug prescription by physicians. This pilot evaluation of the program will focus on one clinical theme: antibiotic prescription for acute respiratory infections (ARI).

The program targets general practitioners and combines three strategies that were proven effective to improve healthcare practices:

• Interactive workshops
• Reminders of expected behaviors
• Feedbacks

Three 180-minute workshops will be held over a six-month period and will include:

• Retrieval and critical appraisal of information
• Clinical practice guidelines
• Acquisition of diagnostic skills
• Communication of risks and benefits
• Shared decision making skills
• Barriers and facilitating factors to optimal shared decision making with respect to drug prescription

Family physicians from four large group practices -the randomization unit- in the province of Québec, Canada will be randomly selected and assigned to one of the following interventions:

• Immediate DECISION+ antibiotics/ARI program
• 6-month delayed DECISION+ antibiotics/ARI program

The main outcome measure of this pilot trial is to determine the feasibility of implementing the DECISION+ program on a large scale. Feasibility will be based on the proportion of contacted group practices that agree to participate, the proportion of recruited physicians that participate in the workshops, the level of satisfaction about the workshop, and the proportion of missing data in each survey. Secondary outcomes will include measure of decision to use antibiotics, decisional conflict, decisional regret, prescription profile of antibiotics in ARI, script concordance test, physician' reaction to uncertainty and intention to engage in SDM and to use clinical practice guidelines regarding the use of antibiotics in ARI in future clinical encounters..

The investigators hypothesize that shared decision making will translate into an optimized prescription by the physician and will lead to an optimized drug use by the patient. We believe that this project will help to enhance the health of the Quebec citizen by a better drug use by the patient.

Physician: Family medicine group practices (Groupe de médicine familiale) of at least 12 members located in one of the two following regions: Québec and Chaudière-Appalaches, and from which at least 6 members have agreed to participate in the study.

Patients : a) Adult or child consulting a participating physician for an acute respiratory infection (ARI) (i.e. otitis media, rhino-sinusitis, pharyngo-laryngitis, or acute bronchitis), b) Adult or child for whom a treatment with an antibiotic is considered by the patient himself (or guardian, if for a child) or by the physician; c) Patient skills in reading, understanding, and writing French (or guardian, if for a child) equivalent to grade 8; d) Patient (or guardian, if for a child) who can give informed consent for his participation in the study. Patient with a condition requiring emergency care and/or transfer to another care unit will be excluded (e.g.: psychiatric condition, cardiac or pulmonary conditions, a major infection).