DECIDE Just Culture: Conceptualization of Clinical Error

Researchers will compare with a control group the effectiveness of two interventions to modify attitudes, beliefs and behaviors in relation to honest mistakes, based on the theory of dissonance and reasoned action, in both social and professional leaders.

The design of intervention A will consist of presenting information that generates dissonance with subjects' attitudes and beliefs about clinical errors. The dissonance will be intensified by experiential experiences through simulations that provide convincing information that supports the idea of accepting honest errors as learning opportunities within the framework of a Just Culture.

The psychoeducational intervention B based will consist of the presentation of testimonials, narratives, statements and analysis of everyday clinical practice situations that promote a change in so-called "subjective norms" (a person's beliefs about whether significant people in their life approve or disapprove of a specific behavior) in relation to the acceptance of honest errors (including learning and improving healthcare from error).

Phase 1

• Inclusion criteria: Over 18 years of age, health professionals in primary care, hospitals or social-health centers with more than 5 years of experience. Healthcare managers. People who exercise social leadership in associations, media, blogs, etc. Subjects who voluntarily agree to participate after informed consent and who commit to a dedication of 5 hours.
• Exclusion criteria: Experience in patient safety groups/committees. Ongoing or serious adverse event claims or litigation with institutions.

Phase 2

• Inclusion criteria: Managers of health centers, hospitals or socio-health centers in Andalusia, Aragon, Valencia and Madrid, with a minimum of 7 years of experience, who agree to participate.
• Exclusion criteria:Litigation or claim in the last 15 years.

Phase 3

• Inclusion criteria: Same as in phase 1, who voluntarily agree to participate and commit to a dedication of 90 minutes.
• Exclusion criteria: Same as in phase 1. Who have participated in phase 1.

Phase 4

• Inclusion criteria: Male/female balance, minimum 10 years of experience. Recruitment, among members of SEDISA, SEMERGEN, SEMFyC, FAECAP and other scientific societies.