DDEP for Lifestyle Modification in Chronic Kidney Disease

For each patient, change from Baseline (Followup score - Baseline score) in the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) by the IDMS-MDRD Equation at 3 months was obtained through the patient's biochemical test reports. Higher eGFR numbers generally indicate better kidney functions.

For each patient, the change from Baseline in CKD stage at 3 months was obtained by comparing the CKD stage at baseline and at follow-up, converted into the following three categories: (1) recover (e.g., from Stage 3a [at baseline] to Stage 2 [at follow-up]); (2) stable (e.g., remaining Stage 3a at both baseline and follow-up); and (3) progress (e.g., from Stage 3a [at baseline] to Stage 3b [at follow-up]).

For each dyad, change from Baseline in TTM stage at 3 months was obtained by comparing the TTM stage of change at baseline and at follow-up, converted into the following three categories: (1) regress (e.g., from Preparation [at baseline] to Contemplation [at follow-up]); (2) maintain (e.g., remaining Action at both baseline and follow-up); and (3) advance (e.g., from Action [at baseline] to Maintanece [at follow-up]).

For each patient, change from Baseline (Followup score - Baseline score) in patient's Health Promoting Lifestyle at 3 months was assessed using the Chinese version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II), a validated scale with 52 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale. The total scores range from 52 to 208, with higher scores indicate better health-promoting behavior.

For each participant, change from Baseline (Followup score - Baseline score) in Quality of Life at 3 months was assessed using the first item of the Taiwanese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). The item was rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate better quality of life.

For each patient, change from Baseline (Followup score - Baseline score) in patient's adherence to healthy behaviors was measured using the Adherence to Healthy Behaviors Scale (AHBS). The scale includes 13 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 52. Higher scores indicate better adherence.

For each patient, change from Baseline (Followup score - Baseline score) in patient's Helping Relationships from Significant Others at 3 months was assessed using the Chinese version of the Helping Relationships from Significant Others Scale (HRSO).The scale consists of 15 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 15 to 105. Higher scores indicate better support from the significant other.

For each participant, change from Baseline (Followup score - Baseline score) in Dyadic Adjustment at 3 months was assessed using the 7-item Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-7). The first six items are rated on a 6-point scale, while the seventh item is rated on a 7-point scale. The total scores range from 0 to 36, with higher scores indicating better relationship quality.