Daratumumab in VHR T-ALL Treated According to the ALL National Treatment Program

This study is a multicenter phase II trial based on the addition of daratumumab to chemotherapy in the front-line treatment of very high-risk T-ALL.

T-ALL patients are eligible at diagnosis in case of ETP or near ETP immunophenotype. Due to their biological and clinical similarities, T-Myeloid MPAL can also be included. Other VHR T-ALL patients (i.e. those with WBC count >100 x109/L, with complex karyotype with ≥5 unrelated anomalies or with a CD1a-negative immunophenotype) will also be eligible.

A safety run-in is foreseen for 5 patients: if grade >3 infusion-related reactions or extra hematologic adverse events of grade >3 that, for investigator's clinical judgement cannot be due to chemotherapy alone, are not observed in more than 2 patients during the first cycle of daratumumab, the study will continue with the core phase.

After a steroid/cyclophosphamide pre-treatment phase, that can occur before enrollment during the screening period, patients who meet the eligibility criteria will be treated with daratumumab in combination with a pediatric-inspired treatment scheme - as in the previous GIMEMA LAL1913 protocol.

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18-65 years.
• A diagnosis of T-ALL according to the 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC) is required, either de novo or secondary to chemo-radiotherapy for another cancer. Pre-treatment with low-dose corticosteroids +/- cyclophosphamide in patients presenting with hyperleukocytosis is allowed.
• Availability of fresh bone marrow (BM) (or peripheral blood (PB) in patients with hyperleukocytosis) samples to perform diagnostic procedures. ).
• Bone marrow blast percentage at diagnosis ≥20%.
• CD38 positivity on ALL blasts (any level of positivity).
• ETP and near ETP at diagnosis according to internationally accepted criteria (appendix G) at diagnosis or other VHR T-ALL subtypes (WBC count >100 x109/L; complex karyotype with ≥5 unrelated anomalies; other CD1a-negative immunophenotypes). T-Myeloid MPAL according to the 2022 ICC of Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage (appendix H) can also be eligible and considered as VHR.
• Availability of full cytological, cytochemical, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular disease characterization according to the EGIL and WHO classifications.
• An ECOG performance status 0-2, unless a performance of 3 is unequivocally caused by the disease itself, (and not by pre-existing comorbidities,) and is considered and/or documented to be reversible following the application of anti-leukemic therapy and appropriate supportive measures.
• For females of childbearing potential, a negative pregnancy test must be documented. Female and male patients who are fertile must agree to use an effective form of contraception with their sexual partners from enrollment through 12 months after the end of treatment.
• Signed written informed consent according to ICH/E U/GCP and national local laws.

Exclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of B-lineage ALL, and Ph+ ALL.
• Down's syndrome.
• Prior systemic chemotherapy for ALL (excluding cyclophosphamide during pre-phase).
• Pre-existing, uncontrolled pathology such as heart failure (congestive/ischemic, acute myocardial infarction within the past 3 months, untreatable arrhythmias, NYHA classes III and IV), severe liver disease with serum direct bilirubin >3 mg/dL (unless attributable to Gilbert' syndrome or ALL) and/or ALT >5x upper normal limit (unless attributable to ALL), kidney function impairment with serum creatinine >2 mg/dL (unless attributable to ALL), and severe neuropsychiatric disorder that impairs the patient's ability to understand and sign the informed consent, or to cope with the intended treatment plan. N.B. For altered liver and kidney function tests, eligibility criteria can be reassessed at 24-96 hours, following the institution of adequate supportive measures.
• Presence of serious, active, uncontrolled infections.
• A history of cancer that is not in a remission phase following surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, with a life expectancy <2 years.
• Patients who have undergone major surgery ≤ 2 weeks prior to starting study drug or who have not recovered from side effects of such therapy.