Dairy and Plant Amino Acid Uptake. An Explorative Study

Inclusion criteria

• Apparently healthy men and women;
• Age ≥18 and ≤40 years;
• Body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5 and ≤30 kg/m2 ;
• Having veins suitable for blood sampling via a catheter (judged by study nurse/ medical doctor).

Exclusion criteria

• Any self-reported metabolic, gastrointestinal, inflammatory or chronic disease (such as anemia, diabetes, hepatitis, cardiovascular disease);
• Having a history of medical or surgical events that may significantly affect the study outcome;
• Anaemia (Haemoglobin (Hb) values <7.5 mmol/L for women and <8.5 mmol/L for men), as assessed by finger prick blood during screening visit;
• Having a food or protein allergy
• Use of glucose lowering drugs, insulin;
• Use of medication that may impact gastric emptying (e.g. gastric acid inhibitors or laxatives);
• Use of antibiotic treatment less than 1 month before start of the study and during the study;
• Use of anti-depressives as a treatment for depression;
• Use of protein supplements (must be stopped 1 week before the first test day);
• Reported weight loss or weight gain of > 3 kg in the month prior to pre-study screening, or intention to lose weight during the study period;
• Reporting to follow or having planned a slimming or medically prescribed diet.
• Not willing to keep a stable lifestyle during the study period;
• Recent blood donation (<1 month prior to test day 1 of the study) or not willing to stop donation during and 1 month after the study;