CYTO Reductive Surgery in Kidney Cancer Plus Immunotherapy and Targeted Kinase Inhibition

People with metastatic kidney cancer are usually treated with medications to slow the growth of the cancer. In addition, people who still have the kidney where the cancer started may have the kidney removed during the course of treatment. This surgery is done in order to decrease the amount of tumor in the body. This surgery is referred to as a cytoreductive nephrectomy. In the current study, nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, is being administered in combination with cabozantinib, a targeted therapy. The combination of nivolumab and cabozantinib is FDA approved for the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer. In this study, treatment consists of cabozantinib and nivolumab plus a cytoreductive nephrectomy. Eligible subjects, who have not received prior therapy for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, are treated with cabozantinib and nivolumab for approximately 3 months prior to undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy. After nephrectomy, patients who are benefiting from treatment may resume cabozantinib and nivolumab. This study will help investigators to understand the immune effects of cabozantinib and nivoluamb in the kidney tumor and will provide information on the potential clinical benefit associated with cytoreductive nephrectomy in combination with cabozanitnib and nivolumab.

Inclusion criteria

• Written informed consent and HIPAA authorization for release of personal health information.
• Age ≥ 18years at the time of consent.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0-1 within 28 days prior to registration.
• Radiographically consistent with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (with subsequent pathologic confirmation of renal cell carcinoma with a clear cell component) OR histological/ cytological evidence of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a clear cell component
• Measurable tumor in the kidney according to RECIST 1.1
• No prior therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
• Demonstrate adequate organ function as defined in the protocol; all screening labs to be obtained within 14 days prior to registration.
• Females of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test during screening, within 14 days of Cycle 1 Day 1. NOTE: Females are considered of child bearing potential unless they are surgically sterile (have undergone a hysterectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, or bilateral oophorectomy) or they are naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months
• Females of childbearing potential and males must be willing to abstain from heterosexual activity or to use 2 forms of effective methods of contraception from the time of informed consent until 6 months after treatment discontinuation. The two contraception methods can be comprised of two barrier methods, or a barrier method plus a hormonal method.
• As determined by the enrolling physician or protocol designee, ability of the subject to understand and comply with study procedures for the entire length of the study

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who had previously undergone nephrectomy for renal cancer are excluded
• Uncontrolled bleeding, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease.
• Prior treatment with any therapy on the PD-1/PD-L1 axis or anti- CTLA-4 inhibitors
• The subject has active brain metastases or epidural disease
• Radiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other radiation therapy within 4 weeks before first dose of study treatment.
• The subject has prothrombin time (PT)/ International Normalized Ratio (INR) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test ≥1.3 x the laboratory upper limit of normal (ULN)
• The subject requires concomitant treatment, in therapeutic doses, with anticoagulants such as warfarin or warfarin-related agents, thrombin or Factor Xa inhibitors. Aspirin (up to 325 mg/day), low-dose warfarin (≤1 mg/day), prophylactic and therapeutic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are permitted
• Clinically-significant gastrointestinal bleeding within 6 months before the first dose of study treatment
• Hemoptysis of ≥0.5 teaspoon (2.5 mL) of red blood within 3 months before the first dose of study treatment
• Cavitating pulmonary lesion(s) or known endotracheal or endobronchial disease manifestation.
• The subject has evidence of tumor invading the GI tract (esophagus, stomach, small or large bowel, rectum or anus), or any evidence of endotracheal or endobronchial tumor within 28 days before the first dose of cabozantinib
• Patients with active autoimmune disease or history of autoimmune disease that might recur, which may affect vital organ function or require immune suppressive treatment
• Patients are excluded if they have a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (>10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study start
• Cardiovascular disorders including:

• Congestive heart failure (CHF): New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III (moderate) or Class IV (severe) at the time of screening
• Concurrent uncontrolled hypertension defined as sustained BP > 150 mm Hg systolic, or > 100 mm Hg diastolic despite optimal antihypertensive treatment within 14 days of the first dose of study treatment.
• The subject has a corrected QT interval calculated by the Fridericia formula (QTcF) >500 ms within 28 days before registration.
• Severe active infection requiring systemic treatment within 28 days before the first dose of study treatment
• Serious non-healing wound/ulcer/bone fracture within 28 days before the first dose of study treatment
• Major surgery (e.g., GI surgery, removal or biopsy of brain metastasis) within 8 weeks before first dose of study treatment. Complete wound healing from major surgery must have occurred 1 month before first dose and from minor surgery (e.g., simple excision, tooth extraction) at least 10 days before first dose. Subjects with clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior surgery are not eligible.
• History of organ transplant
• Concurrent uncompensated hypothyroidism
• Unable to swallow tablets
• Active infection requiring systemic therapy
• Pregnant or breastfeeding (NOTE: breast milk cannot be stored for future use while the mother is being treated on study).
• Known additional malignancy that is active and/or progressive requiring treatment; exceptions include basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical or bladder cancer, or other cancer for which the subject has been disease-free for at least 2 years.
• Active central nervous system (CNS) metastases
• Treatment with any investigational drug within 28 days prior to registration.