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NCT Number: NCT01427881

Cyclophosphamide for Prevention of Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hematological Malignancies

This phase II trial studies how well cyclophosphamide works in preventing chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant in patients with hematological malignancies. Giving chemotherapy and total-body irradiation before transplantation helps stop the growth of cancer cells and prevents the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. Healthy stem cells from a donor that are infused into the patient help the patient's bone marrow make blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Sometimes, however, the transplanted donor cells can cause an immune response against the body's normal cells, which is called graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Giving cyclophosphamide after transplant may prevent this from happening or may make chronic GVHD less severe.

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Key information

Conditions

Accelerated Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (M7) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a) Adult Nasal Type Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia (M6b) Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma Blast Crisis Blastic Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Blood Protein Disorders Bone Marrow Diseases Burkitt Lymphoma Carcinogenesis Cardiovascular Diseases Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Childhood Acute Erythroleukemia (M6) Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission Childhood Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (M7) Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission Childhood Burkitt Lymphoma Childhood Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Childhood Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma Childhood Immunoblastic Large Cell Lymphoma Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes Childhood Nasal Type Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma Chronic Disease Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Chronic Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cutaneous B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma DNA Virus Infections Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating Disease Attributes Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Eye Neoplasms Hematologic Diseases Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases Hemorrhagic Disorders Hemostatic Disorders Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma Herpesviridae Infections Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant Histiocytosis Hodgkin Disease Immune System Diseases Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy Immunoproliferative Disorders Infections Intraocular Lymphoma Leukemia Leukemia, B-Cell Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Leukemia, Myeloid Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic Lymphadenopathy Lymphatic Diseases Lymphoma Lymphoma, B-Cell Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, T-Cell Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral Lymphoproliferative Disorders Multiple Myeloma Mycosis Fungoides Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases Myeloproliferative Disorders Neoplasms Neoplasms by Histologic Type Neoplasms by Site Neoplasms, Plasma Cell Neoplastic Processes Nodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma Noncutaneous Extranodal Lymphoma Paraproteinemias Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Philadelphia Chromosome Negative Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Previously Treated Myelodysplastic Syndromes Recurrence Recurrent Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Recurrent Adult Burkitt Lymphoma Recurrent Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Adult Grade III Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Recurrent Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Recurrent Adult Immunoblastic Large Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Recurrent Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Recurrent Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Childhood Grade III Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Recurrent Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Recurrent Childhood Small Noncleaved Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Cutaneous T-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Recurrent Grade 1 Follicular Lymphoma Recurrent Grade 2 Follicular Lymphoma Recurrent Grade 3 Follicular Lymphoma Recurrent Mantle Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Marginal Zone Lymphoma Recurrent Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome Recurrent Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Recurrent/Refractory Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma Relapsing Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndromes Sezary Syndrome Small Intestine Lymphoma Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Stage III Multiple Myeloma Testicular Lymphoma Tumor Virus Infections Vascular Diseases Virus Diseases Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Waldenström Macroglobulinemia de Novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Age range

Up to 65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Phase 2

Primary location

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium

Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States

About this study

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. The primary objective of this study is to assess outcomes when high-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) is administered on days 3 and 4 followed by cyclosporine (CSP) after human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related or unrelated mobilized blood cell transplantation with total-body irradiation (TBI) or busulfan (BU)-based conditioning.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. The secondary objective of this study is to assess hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes when withdrawal of CSP is accelerated in patients without acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

OUTLINE: Patients' conditioning regimens are determined by the Clinical Coordinator after consultation with the attending physician. Based on disease, patients receive either TBI or fludarabine and busulfan.

PREPARATIVE REGIMEN: Patients receive TBI twice daily (BID) on days -4 or -3 to -1. Some patients also receive fludarabine intravenously (IV) daily on days -5 to -2 and busulfan IV over 3 hours once daily (QD) or over 2 hours every 6 hours on days -5 to -2. Patients may also undergo central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis, testicular irradiation, and/or involved field irradiation as per standard practice.

TRANSPLANTATION: Patients undergo allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) on day 0 per standard practice.

GVHD PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 1-2 hours on days 3-4. Patients also receive cyclosporine IV every 12 hours or every 8 hours beginning on day 5 with taper on days 56-126.

Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at day 180 and then annually for 5 years.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in morphologic first complete remission (CR1) with high risk features defined as, but not limited to: evidence of adverse cytogenetics such as t(9;22), t(1;19), t(4;11), or mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangements; presence of minimal residual disease; progenitor B-cell immunophenotype; high white blood cells (WBC) at diagnosis (> 30,000/ul in B-ALL; > 100,000/ul in T-ALL); or delayed attainment of CR (> 4 weeks) after induction therapy; additional clinical characteristics deemed to confer a high relapse risk may be discussed with and approved by the Principal Investigator (PI)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in CR1 EXCEPT patients with low-risk features defined as:
  • Inv 16 or t(8;21) in the absence of c-kit mutations
  • Normal karyotype who are FLT3-ITD-negative and NPM1-positive in the absence of c-kit mutations
  • Patients with respective "low-risk" features are eligible, however, if (i) more than 1 cycle of induction therapy was required to achieve CR1 (ii) the patient had a preceding myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) other than myelofibrosis, or (iii) secondary AML
  • Acute leukemia in 2nd or greater CR (CR >= 2)
  • Refractory or relapsed AML with =< 10% bone marrow blasts and no circulating blasts or proven extramedullary disease
  • AML transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with < 10% bone marrow blasts
  • MDS with following high risk features:
  • High risk cytogenetics (including, but not limited to: 7q--, inv[3], t[3q], del[3q] or complex karyotype)
  • International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) intermediate (INT)-2 or greater
  • Treatment-related MDS
  • Any phase of MDS if patient is < 21 years of age
  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) beyond 1st chronic phase or resistant or intolerant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (adults) or any phase (pediatric < 21 years)
  • Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
  • Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative disorder
  • Lymphoma: relapsed chemotherapy-sensitive (complete or partial response) Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Multiple myeloma-stage III
  • The patient or legal representative must be able to understand and give written informed consent
  • DONORS: The donor must be a genotypically HLA-identical sibling, a phenotypically HLA-matched first-degree relative, or an unrelated donor who is molecularly matched with the patient at HLA-A, B, C, DRB1
  • DONORS: Donors must meet the selection criteria for administration of G-CSF (filgrastim) and apheresis defined by the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cell Therapy (FACT) and will be screened per the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
  • DONORS: Donors must be capable of giving informed consent

Exclusion criteria

  • Prior autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant
  • Performance status > 2 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]) or < 50 (Lansky; for patients < 16 years old)
  • Uncontrolled infection; the protocol principal investigator (PI) will be final arbiter if there is uncertainty regarding whether a previous infection is under adequate control to allow enrollment in the study
  • Positive serology for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, 2 or human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1, 2
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction < 45% or shortening fraction < 25%; no uncontrolled arrhythmias or symptomatic cardiac disease
  • Symptomatic pulmonary disease; forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) =< 50% of predicted (corrected for hemoglobin); if pulmonary function tests cannot be performed, an oxygen saturation < 92% on room air
  • Calculated (Cockcroft-Gault or appropriate calculation for pediatric patients) serum creatinine clearance =< 60 mL/min; if the calculated CrCl is 50-60 mL/min, but a measured CrCl by 24 hour urine collection is > 60 mL/min, this measurement is acceptable
  • Total serum bilirubin more than twice upper normal limit
  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) more than 3-fold higher than laboratory upper normal limits
  • Female patient must have negative serum pregnancy test (all women of child bearing-potential must have test performed)
  • DONORS: Potential donors who for psychological, physiological, or medical reasons cannot tolerate administration of G-CSF or apheresis
  • DONORS: Donors who are allergic to filgrastim or Escherichia (E.) coli-derived proteins
  • DONORS: Donor-related risks to recipients
  • DONORS: Positive anti-donor lymphocytotoxic crossmatch
  • DONORS: Donors who are positive for HIV

Treatment and study plan

Cyclophosphamide

Drug

Given IV

Other names: CPM, CTX, Cytoxan, Endoxan, Endoxana

cyclosporine

Drug

Given IV

Other names: ciclosporin, cyclosporin, cyclosporin A, CYSP, Sandimmune

peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Procedure

Undergo allogeneic PBSCT

Other names: PBPC transplantation, PBSC transplantation, peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation, transplantation, peripheral blood stem cell

total-body irradiation

Radiation

Undergo TBI

Other names: TBI

fludarabine phosphate

Drug

Given IV

Other names: 2-F-ara-AMP, Beneflur, Fludara

busulfan

Drug

Given IV

Other names: BSF, BU, Misulfan, Mitosan, Myeloleukon

allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Procedure

Undergo allogeneic PBSCT

Primary outcomes

  1. Chronic GVHD Requiring Systemic Immunosuppressive Treatment

    Time frame: At 1 year after transplantation

    Chronic GVHD will be defined by National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria and requiring systemic treatment. A reduction in the cumulative incidence of GVHD from ~35% to ~15% at 1 year would represent a reasonable goal. A sample size of 42 patients provides 90% power to observe such a difference with one-side 5% type-1 error.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Donor Engraftment

    Time frame: At day 28

    Donor engraftment is defined as the count (percent) of patients with full donor chimerism. Full donor chimerism is defined as at least 95% donor CD3 cells in peripheral blood.

  2. Grades II-IV and III-IV Acute GVHD

    Time frame: Through day +100 post-transplant

    Grades II-IV and III-IV GVHD will be assessed with the use of cumulative incidence plots.

  3. Duration of Systemic Immunosuppressive Treatment

    Time frame: Up to 5 years

    The need for additional immunosuppressive treatment with agents other than those used for prophylaxis, the reasons for their administration (acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, or other reasons) and the duration of its administration will be determined. Patients will be monitored to determine the duration of systemic immunosuppressive treatment. Primary and secondary treatment of acute GVHD and withdrawal of systemic immunosuppressive treatment will be assessed with the use of cumulative incidence plots.

  4. Persistent or Recurrent Malignancy After HCT

    Time frame: At 2 years

    Recurrent or progressive malignancy will be assessed with the use of cumulative incidence plots. Recurrent malignancy will be defined by hematologic criteria. Recurrent malignancy will also be defined as any unplanned medical intervention designed to prevent progression of malignant disease in patients who have molecular, cytogenetic or flow-cytometric evidence of malignant cells after transplantation.

  5. Non-relapse Mortality

    Time frame: At 2 years

    Defined as death in the absence of recurrent or progressive malignancy after HCT. Non-relapse morality will be assessed with the use of cumulative incidence plots. This secondary endpoint will be characterized and presented as a cumulative incidence.

  6. Overall Survival

    Time frame: At 1 year post-transplant

    Overall survival will be evaluated as Kaplan-Meier estimates.

  7. Disease-free Survival

    Time frame: At 1 year post-transplant

    Disease-free survival will be evaluated as Kaplan-Meier estimates.

  8. Hematologic Recovery

    Time frame: Up to day +100

    Descriptive statistics will be used to assess the median days of neutrophil and platelet recovery. The day of neutrophil recovery is defined as the first day of three consecutive lab values on different days, after the conditioning regimen-induced nadir of blood counts, that the absolute neutrophil count is > 500/uL. The day of platelet recovery is defined as the first day of three consecutive lab values on different days, after the conditioning regimen-induced nadir of blood counts, that the platelet count is >= 20,000/uL without platelet transfusion support in the seven days prior.

  9. Graft Failure

    Time frame: By greater than or equal to 28 days post-transplant

    Descriptive statistics will be used to assess the incidence of primary graft failure and secondary graft failure. Primary graft failure is defined as failure to achieve a sustained neutrophil count of >= 500/uL by >= 28 days post-transplant. Secondary graft failure is defined as the decline in neutrophil count to < 500/uL after achieving engraftment which is unrelated to infection or drug effect and is unresponsive to stimulation by growth factors.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Other

Collaborators

  • National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Registry information

Official study title

A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide for Prevention of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

Important dates

Study start
2011
Primary completion
2014
Study completion
2015
First posted
Sep 2, 2011
Registry last updated
May 19, 2017

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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