Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic… | Clinical Trial

Key information

Conditions

Masculinity Behavior Nursing Scale Reliability Validity Social Behavior Student

Age range

17 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

School of Health Science, Politeknik Negeri Subang

Subang, West Java, 41211, Indonesia

About this study

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS) for use among nursing students in Indonesia, ensuring its cultural relevance and psychometric soundness. The process involved cross-cultural adaptation through translation, expert review, and pilot testing, followed by psychometric evaluation using a sample of Indonesian nursing students.

Key steps included: Translation and back-translation of the original scale, Content validation by experts in gender studies and nursing education, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA & CFA) to test construct validity and Reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

nursing student
more than 17 years
fluent in the Indonesian language

Exclusion criteria

catastropic condition
gap year during study

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

Toxic Masculinity

Time frame: one time

The Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS-28) measures endorsement of harmful masculine norms across four domains: Masculine Superiority, Gender Rigidity, Emotional Restriction, and Repressed Suffering. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in male dominance, rigid gender binaries, emotional suppression, and avoidance of help when in pain. In validation samples, average scores were around 58 (on a 28-140 range), suggesting generally low-to-moderate endorsement. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability (α ≈ .93) and strong validity, correlating positively with traditional masculinity norms and negatively with feminist attitudes. These outcomes help identify patterns of toxic masculinity that may impact well-being and relationships.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Kaohsiung Medical University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic Masculinity Scale Among Nursing Students in Indonesia: A Psychometric Testing Study

Important dates

Study start: 2025
Primary completion: 2025
Study completion: 2025
First posted: Sep 25, 2025
Registry last updated: Jan 27, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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Completed