Craving & Decision-Making

Inclusion criteria

• At least 18 years of age
• Willingness to follow study requirements, as evidenced by an ability to provide written informed consent and read, understand, and complete the study procedures
• Minimum of 6th grade reading level

Additional inclusion criteria for participants with OUD:

• Primary diagnosis of OUD encompassing heroin and/or painkiller use
• Receiving medications for OUD treatment on an outpatient basis
• At least 12-month history of opioid use

Exclusion criteria

• Unable to speak or read English
• Active psychosis or mania
• Current or past schizophrenia diagnosis
• History of intellectual disability or developmental or neurological disorder, seizures or epilepsy, or loss consciousness lasting more than 30 minutes
• Severe medical conditions requiring hospitalization or that, in the opinion of the study staff could compromise study participation
• MRI contraindications (claustrophobia, nonremovable piercings, certain metal in the body etc.) or pregnancy

Additional exclusion criteria for community control participants:

• Positive urine drug screen
• Current or past problematic substance use other than nicotine, and alcohol abuse confined to college or military service
• Current or past bipolar disorder diagnosis
• Use of central nervous system medications within the past 6 weeks (e.g., antidepressants, Ritalin)