COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) and Other Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI)

COVID-19 is a disease caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-COV2 which emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China (1). This illness is associated with viral prodromal symptoms, then subsequently fever, cough, and shortness of breath (1). In a subset of patients, lower respiratory tract infection associated with respiratory failure develops. Among these patients, progression to severe respiratory failure and ARDS requiring ventilator support has occurred in an alarming number of patients at rates that are many-fold higher than what is typically associated with seasonal influenza A or B (2). One of the most feared complications of post-influenza respiratory failure is the development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis which may occur in as many as 15-20% of those requiring ventilator support (based on European data) (3-6). Among those developing IA following influenza A or B, mortality of 50% or greater is reported (3-6).

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged 18 years or older at the time of enrollment
• SARS-COV2 positivity by PCR with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation for at least 72 hours
• Prior therapy with antifungals, including prophylaxis, is NOT an exclusion.

Exclusion criteria

• Life expectancy of less than 72 hours as determined by the site investigator.
• Expected to be weaned from mechanical ventilation in next 24 hours
• Care received in any setting other than an intensive care unit (ICU) at the time of enrollment