Corticosteroids Prevent the Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery

Most cardiac operations are performed under cardiopulmonary bypass, however, it is well known that cardiopulmonary bypass often causes systemic inflammatory response characterized by leukocyte and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) complexes, as well high levels of inflammatory mediators that may contribute to postoperative complications including atrial fibrillation (AF), prolonged duration of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay.

Postoperative atrial fibrillation has (POAF) been reported in 20% to 50% of patients following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and is even higher after combined CABG and valve surgery.

It may increase stroke rates, trigger hemodynamic instability with heart failure and increase risk of thromboembolic complications.

The relationship between inflammation and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery is further strengthened by studies that showed that corticosteroid (CS) prophylaxis can reduce the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

Corticosteroids (CS) can reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery in adults and reduce length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay.

It is a low-cost drug that can effectively inhibit inflammation, limit systemic capillary leakage syndrome and reduce organ damage, thus providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application.

However, the potential risks of CS remain controversial and inconclusive in terms of several side effects of CS such as hyperglycemia, gastrointestinal disturbances, and postoperative infections.

Inclusion criteria

• Elective first time CABG or combined with valvular surgery.
• Use of b-adrenergic blockade.
• Normal sinus rhythm.

Exclusion criteria

• History of heart block
• History of previous episodes of AF or flutter
• History of peptic ulcer disease
• Permanent pacemaker
• Any documented or suspected supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias
• Renal insufficiency (serum creatinine >20 mg/dL)
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• Systemic bacterial or mycotic infection
• Urgent or emergency surgery
• Patient underwent cardiac surgery without using cardiopulmonary bypass